Rejected - Customer

Japanese: 棄却 - ききゃく

It refers to the rejection of a party's demand, but the meaning and content of dismissal in civil cases is different from that of dismissal in criminal cases.

[Yoshinobu Homma]

Dismissal in a civil lawsuit

Under the Civil Procedure Act, it refers to dismissing all or part of the plaintiff's claim, the defendant's counterclaim, or the appeal against a decision as groundless. In other words, it refers to judging and denying the content of the parties' claims.

A judgment that declares this is called a judgment dismissing a claim or a judgment dismissing an appeal. It is different from a dismissal, which closes the case without going into the content of the claim. A judgment dismissing a claim is a declaratory judgment that confirms the non-existence of rights or obligations, or that there are no grounds for complaint. The judgment of the non-existence of rights or obligations has res judicata effect.

[Yoshinobu Homma]

Dismissal in criminal proceedings

Under the Code of Criminal Procedure, it is used primarily in cases of formal trials in which the procedure is terminated due to invalidity of the procedure -- dismissal of the indictment (Criminal Procedure Code, Articles 338 and 339), dismissal of a request for a formal trial (Criminal Procedure Code, Article 468) -- and in cases in which the procedure is terminated due to invalidity of the procedure or because the request is without merit -- dismissal of an appeal (Criminal Procedure Code, Articles 375, 385, and 386), dismissal of a final appeal (Criminal Procedure Code, Articles 408 and 414), dismissal of an appeal (Criminal Procedure Code, Article 426), and dismissal of a request for a new trial (Criminal Procedure Code, Articles 446 and 447). In administrative litigation, it refers to dismissing the claim of the person who filed the lawsuit if there is no merit to the claim.

[Yoshinobu Homma]

[Reference] | Res judicata | Rejection

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

当事者の要求を退けることをいうが、民事訴訟における棄却と刑事訴訟における棄却とは、その意味内容が異なる。

［本間義信］

民事訴訟における棄却

民事訴訟法上は、原告の訴え・被告の反訴による請求あるいは上訴による不服主張の全部または一部を、理由がないとして排斥すること。すなわち、当事者の主張の内容について判断し、これを否定することをいう。

　これを宣言する判決を請求棄却判決、上訴棄却判決という。請求の内容に立ち入らないで事件を終結させる却下と区別される。棄却判決は、内容的には権利・義務の不存在を確認し、あるいは不服に理由がないことを確認する確認判決である。権利・義務不存在の判断につき既判力が生じる。

［本間義信］

刑事訴訟における棄却

刑事訴訟法上は、もっぱら手続の無効を理由に手続を打ち切る形式的な裁判の場合――公訴棄却（刑事訴訟法338条・339条）、正式裁判請求の棄却（同法468条）――と、手続の無効を理由とし、あるいは請求に理由なしとして手続を打ち切る場合――控訴棄却（同法375条・385条・386条）、上告棄却（同法408条・414条）、抗告棄却（同法426条）、再審請求棄却（同法446条・447条）――とに用いられる。なお行政争訟上は、争訟を提起した者の主張に理由がない場合その請求を退けることをいう。

［本間義信］

[参照項目] | 既判力 | 却下

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