A value that indicates what percentage of the horsepower generated by an engine is actually used. If the horsepower generated by an engine is called indicated horsepower, which is Li , and the horsepower actually used is Le , then Le / Li = ηm , where ηm is called the mechanical efficiency. In other words, the horsepower actually used is not all of the horsepower generated by the engine. In order to run the engine, auxiliary equipment such as the fuel pump, cooling water pump, and power dynamo must be operated. In addition, there are losses due to friction in the pistons and cylinder sliding parts, bearings, and speed conversion gears. The operation of auxiliary equipment and friction losses are losses that consume part of the output. If these auxiliary drive horsepower and friction horsepower are combined and called friction horsepower Lf , then net horsepower Lp is the indicated horsepower Li minus friction horsepower Lf . The term machine utilization (MU) is also used to indicate the degree to which machines are effectively used in a production plant. It is expressed as the ratio of the total working time to the time T during which the machine is effectively operating. In addition to the operating time mentioned above, the total working time includes the time when the machine is stopped and the time when it is idling. [Hidetaro Nakayama] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
エンジンの発生する馬力のうち、何パーセントが実際に利用される馬力であるかを示す数値。エンジンの発生する馬力を図示馬力というがこれをLiとし、実際に利用される馬力をLeとすると、Le/Li=ηmでηmを機械効率という。すなわち、実際に利用される馬力はエンジンの発生する馬力全部ではない。エンジンを動かすためには燃料ポンプ、冷却水ポンプ、電源用ダイナモなどの補助機器を動かさなければならない。そのほかピストン、シリンダー摺動(しゅうどう)部、軸受の摩擦、速度変換用歯車の損失などもある。補助機器の運転、摩擦損失などは出力の一部を食う損失である。これらの補器駆動馬力、摩擦馬力をあわせて摩擦馬力Lfとすると、正味馬力Lpは図示馬力Liから摩擦馬力Lfを引いたものとなる。 生産工場において機械が有効に使用されている度合いを示すのにも機械効率machine utilization(MU)ということばが使用される。全作業時間と、機械が有効に運転されている時間Tとの比で表す。全作業時間には前記の運転時間のほかに、機械が停止している時間、空転している時間が含まれている。 [中山秀太郎] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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