This refers to the gasification of coal while it remains in the underground coal seam, without mining it and bringing it to the surface. Since the idea was proposed in 1888 by Mendeleev of Russia, famous for the periodic table, research and development has been carried out in many countries, and it was put into practical use in the Soviet Union in 1956. Currently, the only practical example is the one in operation in Uzbekistan. Since starting operations in 1961, it has produced one million cubic meters of low-calorie gas per day, which is sent to a nearby power plant. Development is also underway in Australia, the United States, and other countries. The general method is to drill a blast hole and a gas exhaust hole from above ground, leading to the coal seam, and connecting them so that gas can flow between them. When the gas is ignited while air is being insufficiently supplied from the blast hole, heat is generated and carbon dioxide is produced, which further reacts with the heated coal to form carbon monoxide. If oxygen is used instead of air, a gas with a higher calorific value can be obtained. The advantages are that dangerous underground work can be significantly reduced, and it may become economical even when the coal seam is too thin or of low quality, making it uneconomical for conventional coal mining methods. If the contact between the coal seam and the gas can be maintained well and gas of a constant composition can be efficiently obtained, it can be a coal gasification method with many advantages. [Akira Tomita] [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
石炭を採炭して地上に取り出すことなく、地下の炭層にあるままでガス化することをいう。周期表で有名なロシアのメンデレーエフが1888年に構想を発表して以来、多くの国で研究開発が進められ、1956年にソ連で実用化された。現在はウズベキスタンで操業しているものが唯一の実用例である。1961年に操業を開始して以来、1日100万立方メートルの低カロリーガスを生産し、近接する発電所に送っている。オーストラリア、アメリカなどでも開発が進められている。 一般的方法は、地上より送風孔とガス排出孔をボーリングして炭層に達せしめ、それらの間をガスが流れるように連結する。そして送風孔より空気を不足ぎみに送りながら点火すると、発熱しながら二酸化炭素を発生し、それはさらに加熱された石炭と反応して一酸化炭素となる。空気のかわりに酸素を用いれば、より発熱量の高いガスが得られる。利点としては、危険な坑内作業を大幅に軽減できること、炭層があまりに薄すぎるとか低品位であるなどの理由で一般の採炭法では経済的でない場合でも経済性が出てくる可能性があることなどである。石炭層とガスの接触をうまく保持でき、一定の組成のガスが効率よく得られれば利点の多い石炭ガス化法となりうる。 [富田 彰] [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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