Management Spring Offensive

Japanese: 管理春闘 - かんりしゅんとう
Management Spring Offensive

...Although the postwar labor movement has developed based on enterprise unions from the end of the war until the present day, the nature of the movement has changed over the years. Dividing it into broad terms, it can be roughly divided into five periods: (1) the first period saw the development of a "democratization of management" movement leveraging rapid organization, followed by a division and setback of the movement following the failure of the February 1st strike (1945-50); (2) the period when labor unions began to be revitalized under the establishment of the San Francisco system and saw the formation of the spring offensive system (1951-60); (3) the period when, despite the full implementation of the spring offensive system, the workplace labor movement lost its vitality under meritocratic management in large private companies (1961-74); (4) the period when, as the trend toward "managed spring offensives" progressed during the oil crisis, the movement for a unified front centered on labor unions at large private companies began to develop (1975-89); and (5) the period when Rengo was established as a new national center and "comprehensive living struggles" began to progress (1989-
[First Period (1945-50)]
(1) In August 1945, Japan came under American occupation after its defeat in the war. The occupying forces promoted a policy of demilitarization and democratization, and as part of this policy, in December of that year, a Labor Union Law was enacted that openly recognized the right of workers to organize for the first time in Japanese history. In this environment, the formation of labor unions progressed rapidly from the fall of 1945 onwards, and disputes became frequent.

*Some of the terminology used in relation to "managed spring labor offensives" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

… 戦後の労働運動は,敗戦から今日にいたるまで企業別組合をベースにして展開してきたにもかかわらず,時代によって運動の様相は転変してきた。やや大きな区切り方をすれば,(第1期)急激な組織化をてことする〈経営民主化〉運動の進展をみたのち,二・一ストの挫折を契機として運動の分裂・後退をみるにいたった時期(1945‐50),(第2期)サンフランシスコ体制の形成のもとで労働組合が再生しはじめ,春闘体制の形成をみた時期(1951‐60),(第3期)春闘体制の全面化にもかかわらず,民間大企業における能力主義管理のもとで,職場の労働運動が活力を失っていった時期(1961‐74),(第4期)石油危機のもとで〈管理春闘〉化が進展するなかで,民間大企業労働組合を軸とする戦線統一運動の進展をみるようになった時期(1975‐89),(第5期)新しいナショナルセンターとしての連合の成立をみ,〈総合生活闘争〉が進められるようになった時期(1989‐ ),およそ以上五つの時期に分けることができよう。
[第1期(1945‐50)]
 (1)日本は1945年8月,敗戦によってアメリカの占領下におかれることになったが,占領軍によって〈非軍事化・民主化〉政策が推進され,その一環として同年12月には労働者の団結権を日本の歴史上はじめて公然と認めた労働組合法が制定されるという状況のもとで,45年の秋以降,労働組合の結成が急激に進展し,争議も頻発するようになった。…

※「管理春闘」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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