The idea that cognition is the process by which the perceiving consciousness copies the reality outside itself, reflecting it in the same way that a mirror reflects things. It is said to have originated with Democritus. The modern theory of imitation is generally based on the following premises: (1) truth is the correspondence between reality and ideas (correspondence theory in the view of truth), (2) reality, which is the object of cognition, exists independently of the subject of cognition (materialism), (3) the subject of cognition does not inherently have any content of cognition (tabula rasa, blank slate), (4) what was not already within the senses is not within the understanding (sensationalism), (5) the subject of cognition takes a passive attitude toward cognition itself (denial of constructivism), and (6) objective reality itself has a certain form and self-unity (realism). Lenin's idea that "matter is an objective reality that is given to humans through their senses, exists independently of our senses, and is imitated, reflected, and reflected by our senses" is a representative example. Today, there are almost no positions that directly advocate the theory of imitation, except in Russian Marxism. [Kato Naotake] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
認識とは、認識する意識が、その外部にある現実を模写し、鏡が物を映すように反映することだという考え方。デモクリトスに始まるとされる。 近代の模写説は一般に、(1)真理は実在と観念との一致である(真理観における対応説)、(2)認識対象となる実在が、認識主観から独立に存在する(唯物論)、(3)認識主観は、本来いかなる認識内容をももたない(タブラ・ラサ=白紙)、(4)あらかじめ感覚の内になかったものは悟性の内にもない(感覚主義)、(5)認識主観は、認識そのものにおいて受動的態度をとる(構成主義の否定)、(6)客観的実在そのものが一定の形式と自己統一をもつ(実在論)、という前提から成り立つ。レーニンの「物質とは人間にその感覚において与えられており、われわれの感覚から独立して存在しながら、われわれの感覚によって模写され、摂映され、反映される客観的実在である」という考えはその代表例である。今日、模写説をそのまま主張する立場は、ロシア・マルクス主義を除いて、ほとんどない。 [加藤尚武] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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