The deviation of the actual gravity measurement from the standard gravity value. Standard gravity refers to the gravity on a rotating Earth ellipsoid, and is expressed as a function of latitude such that it is minimum at the equator and maximum at both poles. The formula for standard gravity that is currently widely used was adopted at the General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) in 1979, and is called the normal gravity formula. Since actual gravity measurements are performed at points of different altitudes, several corrections are required for gravity anomalies. Among these, the free-air correction removes the difference in the Earth's gravitational force due to altitude by pulling it back to the value on the same reference surface such as the geoid, and the gravity anomaly with this correction added is called the free-air anomaly. The Bouguer correction removes the effect of the gravitational force of materials between the observation point and the reference surface, and this correction is often calculated together with the topography correction, taking into account the topography near the observation point. The Bouguer anomaly is the free-air anomaly plus the Bouguer correction. Changes in gravity anomalies reflect the density distribution underground, and are important as basic information for underground resource exploration and underground structure research. However, the underground structure cannot be determined unambiguously only from the analysis of gravity anomalies, so it is common to analyze it together with data from artificial earthquakes, etc. When theoretical gravity anomalies are calculated from the crustal structure estimated from artificial earthquakes, significant differences can be found between the actual measurements, which are thought to reflect the regional characteristics of the upper mantle structure. [Yoshii Toshiaki] "Gravity Anomaly Map of the Japanese Archipelago" by Yoshiteru Kono and Yoshihiro Furuse (1989, University of Tokyo Press) [References] | | | | |1. Free-air correction: To remove the effect of height, a correction is made to the geoid surface, and this is expressed as g. 2. Bouguer correction: The effect of materials between the geoid surface and the B-C surface is corrected, and this is expressed as g". 3. Topographic correction: The effect of topography L-L (the effect of materials above and below point A) is corrected to the B-C surface, and this is expressed as g'. Gravity in the ocean is measured using a marine gravimeter, but since the observation ship is on the sea surface, i.e., on the geoid surface, free-air anomalies can be obtained without the above corrections. However, a correction is necessary to remove the effect of centrifugal force that occurs when the observation ship sails on the Earth's surface . Gravity correction Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
重力の実測値の標準重力値からのずれ。標準重力とは、自転する地球楕円(だえん)体上での重力のことで、赤道上で最小、両極上で最大となるような緯度の関数で表される。現在広く用いられている標準重力の式は、1979年に国際測地学地球物理学連合(IUGG)の総会で採用が決められたもので、正規重力式とよばれる。実際の重力測定は高度の異なる点で行われるので、重力異常にはいくつかの補正が必要である。このうち、フリーエア補正は、高度による地球の引力の違いを、ジオイドなど同一の基準面上の値に引き戻すことで取り除くもので、この補正を加えた重力異常をフリーエア異常とよぶ。ブーゲー補正は、観測点と基準面間の物質の引力の影響を除くもので、この補正は、観測点付近の地形も考慮して地形補正とともに計算されることが多い。フリーエア異常にブーゲー補正を加えたものがブーゲー異常である。重力異常の変化は地下の密度分布を反映したものであり、地下資源探査や地下構造研究の基礎資料として重要である。しかし、重力異常の解析だけからでは、地下構造が一義的に決まらないことが多く、人工地震などの資料とあわせて解析されるのが普通である。人工地震により推定された地殻構造から理論的な重力異常を計算してみると、実測値との間に有意な差の認められることがあり、上部マントル構造の地域性が反映したものと考えられている。 [吉井敏尅] 『河野芳輝・古瀬慶博著『日本列島重力異常図』(1989・東京大学出版会)』 [参照項目] | | | | |1.フリーエア補正 高さによる影響を除くため、ジオイド面上に補正し、これをgで表す。2.ブーゲー補正 ジオイド面とB―C面との間にある物質による影響を補正し、g″で表す。3.地形補正 地形L―Lによる影響(A点より上にある物質と下にある物質による影響)を、B―C面上に補正し、g′で表す。海域の重力は海上重力計で測定するが、観測船は海面、すなわちジオイド面上にあるので、上記の補正なしにフリーエア異常が得られる。ただし、観測船が地球表面上を航行するため生ずる遠心力の影響を取り除く補正が必要である©Shogakukan"> 重力の補正 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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