Holotype specimen - Holotype specimen

Japanese: 完模式標本 - かんもしきひょうほん
Holotype specimen - Holotype specimen

...This is called the type method, and is the procedure adopted in the Code of Nomenclature. Among the type specimens (type series), the only specimen designated by the namer in a published paper is called the holotype (holotype in animals), while the others are called isotypes (often with the same field number as the holotype) in plants, and paratypes in animals. In addition, among the hypotypes of animals, the only specimen with a different sex from the holotype can be selected as an allotype.

From [Specimen]

…The type specimen (type specimen) used when discovering a new species of organism and giving it a scientific name (naming) is particularly important in classification. There are two types of type specimens: a holotype, which is a single specimen selected by the author from among the specimens examined when naming it, and a holotype, which is a collection of multiple specimens without any such designation. There are also four types of type specimens: a posttype, which is a specimen that a later researcher designated as equivalent to the holotype because it was discovered that another species was mixed in with the holotype, and a neotype, which was a new specimen designated by a later researcher because all of the above type specimens were lost and this caused problems in research. …

*Some of the terminology used to refer to the "holotype specimen" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…これをタイプ法type methodといい,命名規約で採用されている手順である。 タイプ標本(模式系列)のうち,公刊された論文で命名者が指定した唯一の標本を正基準標本(動物では完模式標本)holotype,それ以外のものを植物では副基準標本isotype(正基準標本と同一のフィールド・ナンバーを付していることが多い),動物では副模式標本paratypeという。また動物では,副模式標本のうちで完模式標本と性の異なる唯一の標本を,別模式標本allotypeに選ぶことができる。…

【標本】より

…分類上とくに重要なのは,新しい種類の生物を発見し,それに学名をつける際(命名の際)に用いたタイプ標本(模式標本)である。タイプ標本には,命名する際に調べた標本の中から,著者が一個だけを選んで指定した〈完模式標本〉と,そのような指定をしなかった複数の標本からなる〈総模式標本〉がある。また,総模式標本に別の種類が混じっていたことが判明したなどの理由から,後の研究者が完模式標本に相当するものをその中から指定した〈後模式標本〉,以上のタイプ標本がすべて紛失して研究に支障を生じたため,やはり後の研究者が新たに指定した〈新模式標本〉の4種類がある。…

※「完模式標本」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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