Ice that adheres to the surface of trees or buildings when cold fog or clouds blow onto them. Fine water particles are easily supercooled and remain liquid even at temperatures below 0°C. When these particles are carried by the wind and adhere to the surface of an object, they freeze. Various types of ice can be formed depending on the size and number of particles, temperature, wind speed, and the capture rate of the adhesion surface, but they are classified as frost-covered trees, rough ice, and frost-covered trees. Snow-covered trees are white, opaque, brittle ice that grows toward the wind and can take the shape of feathers, scales, shrimp tails, etc. On closer inspection, they are made up of piles of tiny ice particles. It is more likely to form in mountainous areas than on flat land, and when the wind is strong. Rough ice is an opaque ice layer that is not as brittle as frost-covered ice, and has a somewhat smooth surface. It contains many air bubbles inside. It forms when the water particles are relatively large and the temperature is close to 0°C. When the temperature drops to around -10°C, it rarely occurs. Ice-covered trees and rough ice are often found on airplane wings. Rime on trees is made up of many frost-like ice crystals stuck together, including some fine ice particles. It can grow to take the shape of a small tree branch. It is formed when supercooled water particles turn into water vapor near the surface of an object and sublimate. It tends to form on the windward side of trees and other objects, such as when fog occurs on a clear night or early morning when the wind is not strong. Rime on trees can also adhere to the sides of the trees. [Takeji Shinohara] [Reference item] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
冷たい霧や雲が樹木や建物などに吹き付けたとき、表面に付着する氷。細かい水の粒は過冷却になりやすく、0℃より低温でも水のままである。これが風で運ばれて物体の表面に付着すると、凍結をおこす。粒の大きさと数、温度、風速と付着面の捕捉(ほそく)率によりいろいろのものができるが、樹氷、粗氷、樹霜に分類される。樹氷は白色不透明のもろい氷で、風に向かって成長し、羽毛、うろこ、えびの尾などの形になる。よくみると、微細な氷の粒が積み重なっている。平地よりも山地で、風が強いときできやすい。粗氷は霧氷ほどもろくない不透明な氷層で、表面はやや滑らかである。内部には多くの気泡が入っている。水の粒が比較的大きく、気温が0℃に近い場合にできる。氷点下10℃くらいになると、発生はまれである。飛行機の翼への着氷は、樹氷あるいは粗氷が多い。樹霜は、細かい氷の粒も混じっているが、霜に似た氷の結晶が数多くくっつきあったものである。成長して小さい木の枝の形になることもある。過冷却の水の粒が物体の表面近くで水蒸気に変わり、昇華してできる。風が強くない晴れた夜から早朝にかけて霧が発生した際など、樹木や地物の風上側にできやすい。樹氷の側面に付着することもある。 [篠原武次] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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