Thickness Gauge - Atsumi Kei

Japanese: 厚み計 - あつみけい
Thickness Gauge - Atsumi Kei

This refers to an instrument used to measure the thickness of plate-like or film-like materials, or the thickness of coatings such as paint or plating. It can also broadly include instruments that measure thickness mechanically, such as micrometers and gap gauges, but it usually refers to instruments that estimate thickness from the measurement results of instruments other than these length meters.

Thickness gauges are used when continuously measuring and controlling the thickness of a moving film-like object without contact, or when measuring the thickness of a coating non-destructively. The principle is to estimate the thickness of the object by utilizing a physical phenomenon related to the physical properties of the object. Typical types of devices include the following:

(1) Radiation thickness gauge: This gauge estimates thickness from the amount of attenuation of radiation such as β (beta) rays when they pass through the object being measured.

(2) Ultrasonic thickness gauge: The thickness is calculated from the time it takes for ultrasonic waves to pass through the object being measured.

(3) Capacitance Thickness Gauge: Measures the thickness of an insulating coating applied to a conductor by measuring the capacitance.

(4) Electromagnetic Induction Thickness Gauge This gauge measures the thickness of a non-magnetic coating applied to a magnetic material by using electromagnetic induction.

However, these thickness gauges cannot obtain accurate measurements unless the physical properties of the object being measured related to the phenomenon being measured, such as radiation absorption rate, sound wave speed, dielectric constant, magnetic permeability, and in the case of those that use light, the refractive index, are known. Therefore, prior to the actual measurement, it is necessary to calibrate the scale of the gauge or obtain a correction value using a thickness standard sample made of the same material as the object being measured.

[Mitsui Kiyoto]

[References] | Gap gauges | Radiation detectors | Micrometers
Principle of radiometric thickness gauge
©Shogakukan ">

Principle of radiometric thickness gauge

Principle of ultrasonic thickness gauge
©Shogakukan ">

Principle of ultrasonic thickness gauge


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

板状や膜状の材料の厚み、あるいは塗装、めっきなどの被膜の厚みを測るための計器をいう。広くマイクロメーターや隙間(すきま)ゲージなどのように、機械的に厚みを測定するものを含めることもあるが、普通はこれら長さ計以外のものの測定結果から厚みを推定する方式の計器をさしている。

 厚み計は、運動中の膜状被測定物の厚みを非接触で連続的に測定・制御する場合や、被膜の厚みなどを非破壊的に測定する場合などに用いられる。原理としては、対象物の物性に関係する物理的現象を利用して対象物の厚みを推定するもので、代表的な器種に次のようなものがある。

(1)放射線厚み計 β(ベータ)線などの放射線が被測定物を透過するときの減衰量から厚みを推定する。

(2)超音波厚み計 超音波が被測定物中を通過する時間から厚みを求める。

(3)静電容量式厚み計 導体上に施された絶縁性被膜の厚みを静電容量の測定によって求める。

(4)電磁誘導式厚み計 磁性体上に施された非磁性体被膜の厚みを、電磁誘導を利用して求める。

 ただし、これら厚み計では、測定に利用する現象に関する被測定物の物性値、たとえば放射線吸収率、音波の速度、誘電率、透磁率、光を利用するものでは屈折率などが知られていなければ正しい測定値が得られない。したがって、実際の測定に先だち、被測定物と同じ材料でつくられた厚み標準試料を用いて計器の目盛りを校正しておくか、または補正値を求めておくことが必要である。

[三井清人]

[参照項目] | 隙間ゲージ | 放射線検出器 | マイクロメーター
放射線厚み計の原理
©Shogakukan">

放射線厚み計の原理

超音波厚み計の原理
©Shogakukan">

超音波厚み計の原理


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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