A cold air mass that appears in the polar regions. Depending on whether it appears over the ocean or the continent, it can be divided into polar maritime air masses and polar continental air masses. Polar air masses are cold, but when they are warmed by the sun and the surface temperature rises or they move to warmer areas southward, the vertical lapse rate of temperature gradually increases and the stratification becomes unstable. Polar air masses that affect Japan include the Siberian air mass in winter and the Okhotsk Sea air mass in the rainy season and autumn. The Siberian air mass is a polar continental air mass, and the Okhotsk Sea air mass is a polar maritime air mass. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
寒帯に発現する低温な気団。発現地が海洋上であるか大陸上であるかによって,寒帯海洋性気団と寒帯大陸性気団に分けられる。寒帯気団は低温であるが,太陽に暖められて地表面の温度が高くなったり南方の暖かい場所に移動したりすると,気温の鉛直減率がしだいに大きくなり,成層状態は不安定なものになる。日本に影響を及ぼす寒帯気団には冬季のシベリア気団,梅雨季および秋のオホーツク海気団がある。シベリア気団は寒帯大陸性気団,オホーツク海気団は寒帯海洋性気団である。
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