Sensations caused by the reception of thermal stimuli are divided into two types: warm sensation and cold sensation. Sensations caused by a temperature stimulus higher than the temperature of the relevant local area, such as the skin or mucous membrane, are called warm sensations, while sensations caused by a temperature stimulus lower than the local temperature are called cold sensations. Temperature sensations are distributed on the outer surface as hot and cold spots, but the distribution density of cold spots is 2 to 10 times higher than that of hot spots. For example, when comparing the distribution density on the palm of the hand, there are 0.4 hot spots per square centimeter, while there are 1 to 5 cold spots. On the forearm, there are 0.3 to 0.4 hot spots per square centimeter, while there are 6 to 17 cold spots. The stimulus that brings about a temperature sensation is not the temperature itself, but the difference between the temperature of the stimulated area and the temperature of the stimulus, that is, the difference in thermal energy. When the skin temperature is in the range of 20 to 40 degrees Celsius, adaptation to temperature sensation occurs, so you gradually stop feeling either hot or cold. Skin temperatures in this range are called insensitive temperatures. Thermosensory receptors are nerve endings of various types, and the afferent fibers are Aδ and C fibers. In the central nervous system, they ascend the lateral spinothalamic tract, pass through the thalamic radiations, and reach the somatosensory cortex (postcentral gyrus) of the cerebral cortex. [Masamichi Ichioka] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
温度刺激の受容によっておこる感覚をいい、温覚と冷覚の2種に区別される。皮膚や粘膜などの当該局所の温度より高い温度刺激に対して感ずるものを温覚といい、同じく低い温度に対して感ずるものを冷覚という。温度感覚を感ずる場所は外表上に、温点、冷点として点状に分布しているが、その分布密度は、冷点のほうが温点より2~10倍も大きい。たとえば分布密度を手のひらで比較してみると、1平方センチメートル当り温点が0.4であるのに対し、冷点は1~5である。また前腕では、1平方センチメートル当り温点は0.3~0.4であるが、冷点は6~17となっている。温度感覚をもたらす刺激は温度そのものではなく、刺激部位の温度と刺激温度との差、すなわち熱エネルギーの差である。皮膚温度が20~40℃の範囲では温度感覚に順応がおこるから、温かくも冷たくも徐々に感じなくなる。この範囲の皮膚温度を無感温度という。温度感覚の受容器はいろいろな形態をした神経終末で、求心性繊維(線維)はAδ繊維、およびC繊維である。中枢神経系内では外側脊髄(せきずい)視床路を上行し、視床放線を経て大脳皮質体性感覚野(中心後回)に達している。 [市岡正道] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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