Circular muscle

Japanese: 環状筋 - かんじょうきん
Circular muscle

A layer of smooth muscle that surrounds the body wall or organs of an animal in a circular shape. For example, the body wall of an annelid such as an earthworm has circular muscles consisting of circular muscles and longitudinal muscles, which move by contracting and relaxing. When the longitudinal muscles contract, the section becomes shorter and thicker, and when the circular muscles contract, it becomes thinner and longer. This wave of swelling is transmitted along the long axis of the body, and the animal moves forward by performing peristalsis. Cephalopods such as squids contract the circular muscles of their mantle and spray seawater from the mantle cavity to move forward. The circular muscles that surround the intestines of vertebrates also perform peristalsis, pushing the contents of the intestine towards the anus.

[Takao Mori]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

動物の体壁や器官を環状に取り囲む平滑筋層をいう。たとえば環形動物のミミズなどの体壁は輪状筋(輪走筋)と縦走筋よりなる環状筋があり、この収縮・弛緩(しかん)により運動する。縦走筋が収縮すればその部分は短く太くなり、輪状筋が収縮すれば細く長くなる。体の長軸に沿ってこの膨らみの波が伝わることにより、動物は蠕動(ぜんどう)運動を行って前進する。頭足類のイカなどは外套膜(がいとうまく)の輪状筋を収縮させ、外套腔(こう)内の海水を噴射して前進する。脊椎(せきつい)動物の腸管を取り囲む環状筋も蠕動運動をして腸の内容物を肛門(こうもん)のほうに押しやる働きをする。

[守 隆夫]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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