...T. Lipps and Forkert base their argument not on analogy or association based on experience, but on empathy, a more fundamental and direct action. However, in aesthetic contemplation, this action is much deeper and more thorough than in real life, fusing perception and emotion and bringing about a unity of subject and object. Therefore, they recognized this as the central phenomenon of aesthetic consciousness and established empathy aesthetics. This was the essence of psychological aesthetics, which led aesthetics until the start of World War I, and its proponents include K. Gross and S. Witasekh. From [Aesthetics]...After that, in the second half of the 19th century, aesthetics also took on the appearance of scientific aesthetics amid the trend of respect for positivism. Aesthetics, which became one of the applied fields of psychology, opened up experimental psychological aesthetics, while a position that emphasized introspective analysis gave birth to the empathic aesthetics of T. Lipps and Forkert, which later deepened and drew closer to philosophy, eventually leading to phenomenology. Furthermore, aesthetic experience also includes temporal and spatial constraints that transcend the individual, and sociological research into art began from a position that emphasized this, and Marxist art research can also be counted in this lineage. ... *Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "empathy aesthetics" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…その根拠をT.リップスやフォルケルトは,経験による類推とか連想の作用でなく,いっそう根源的で直接的な作用である感情移入にあるとした。ところでこの作用が美的観照においては実生活にみられるよりはるかに深く,余すところなく行われて,知覚と感情を融合させ主客の一体化をもたらすことから,両人はここに美意識の中心現象をみとめ,感情移入美学を成立させた。第1次世界大戦開始のころまで美学を主導した心理学的美学の実質はこれであり,論者にはK.グロース,ウィタゼークS.Witasekも挙げられる。… 【美学】より…以後19世紀後半は実証主義尊重の思潮のなかで美学も科学的美学の姿をみせたといえる。心理学の応用領域の一つとなった美学は実験心理学的美学をひらき,他方内省分析を重視する立場はT.リップス,フォルケルトの感情移入美学を生んだが,後者はのちに深化して哲学への接近をつよめ,はては現象学へとつながってゆく。また美的体験には個人をこえる時間的・空間的規定も加わるものであり,これを重視する立場から芸術の社会学的研究がはじまったが,マルクス主義の芸術研究もこの系譜にかぞえてよかろう。… ※「感情移入美学」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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