North Hamgyong Province - Environmental Province

Japanese: 咸鏡北道 - かんきょうほくどう
North Hamgyong Province - Environmental Province

The northernmost province in North Korea. It covers an area of ​​approximately 16,000 square kilometers. It has three administrative divisions (Chongjin, Kimchaek, and Rajin) and 13 counties. The province is located in Chongjin. The terrain is mostly mountainous with large variations in relief. The Hamgyong Mountains run from northeast to southwest through the centre of the province. This range is a tilted mountain range, with the eastern slope being steep and approaching the east coast of North Korea (the Japan Sea side), while the western slope is gentle and forms an elevated peneplain like the Hakumo Plateau. The plains are the Yushan Plain and the Gyorang Plain along the Japan Sea. The climate is cold with an average annual temperature of 8°C on the inland plateau, but 2°C higher on the coast. The annual precipitation is 600-800 mm. The Tumen River flows into the Sea of ​​Japan, bordering China in the north and Russia in the east.

The province's industry is supported by abundant underground resources, including Musan iron mine, said to have the largest reserves in the Orient with 1.1 billion tons, mica ore in Kilju, nickel ore in Chongjin and Rajin, cobalt ore in Hoeryong, and Goryeong clay (a raw material for ceramics) in Gyeongsong, Yuseon and Hoeryong. In addition, lignite from the lower reaches of the Tumen River and the Kilju-Myeongcheon Rift Valley accounts for 80% of the national production. Due to these favorable location conditions, the iron ore mine Musan, Kim Chaek Iron Works, Chongjin Steel Works, Funyeong Metallurgical Plant in the Chongjin area, and Seongjin Steel Works in the Kim Chaek area form a complex, making it one of North Korea's two largest metal industrial bases. Ferrosilicon, ferrochromium, high-speed steel, bearings, spring steel, and other products produced here are supplied to machine manufacturers throughout the country. Other plants in the area include the Agochi Coal Liquefaction Plant, the Myeongman Chemical Plant (resin, gunpowder), the Kilju Pulp Plant, the Chongjin Chemical Fiber Plant, and the Seungri Chemical Plant. In the building materials industry, there are the Gomusan Cement Plant, the Juul and Hoeryung Ceramic Plants, and the Hoeryung Kraft Paper Plant.

In the fisheries industry, fishing is the basis, with pollock accounting for 70% of the total catch, followed by mackerel and yellowtail. In agriculture, the main products are hemp, which is highly cold-resistant, as well as hops and corn.

[Fish pond]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

北朝鮮最北端の道。面積約1万6000平方キロメートル。行政区画は3市(清津(せいしん/チョンジン)、金策(きんさく/キムチェク)、羅津(らしん/ラジン))、13郡。道所在地は清津。地形はおおむね山地が優勢で起伏の差が大きい。咸鏡山脈が道中央を北東から南西に走っている。この山脈は傾動山地で、東斜面は急峻(きゅうしゅん)で北朝鮮の東海岸(日本海側)に迫っているが、西斜面は緩く白茂(はくも/ペクム)高原のような隆起準平原を形成している。平野は日本海沿いに輸送平野と漁郎平野が開けている。気候は、内陸高原は寒冷で年平均気温8℃であるが、海岸地方はそれより2℃高い。年降水量は600~800ミリメートルである。河川は、豆満江(とまんこう/トマンカン)が北部で中国、東部でロシア国境を界しながら日本海に注いでいる。

 本道の産業は、東洋一といわれる埋蔵量11億トンの茂山鉄山をはじめ、吉州(きっしゅう/キルチュ)の雲母(うんも)鉱、清津、羅津のニッケル鉱と会寧(かいねい/フェリョン)のコバルト鉱、鏡城、遊仙、会寧の高嶺(こうれい)土(陶磁器原料)など、豊富な地下資源に支えられている。また、豆満江下流沿岸と吉州・明川地溝帯の褐炭は全国生産量の80%を占めている。これら有利な立地条件によって、鉄山地茂山から清津地区の金策製鉄所、清津製鋼所、富寧冶金(ふねいやきん)工場、金策地区の城津製鋼所は一つのコンビナートを形成し、北朝鮮の二大金属工業基地の一つになっている。ここで生産されたケイ素鉄、クロム鉄、高速鋼、ベアリング、スプリング鋼などは国内各地の機械製作所へ供給されている。このほか阿吾地(あごち/アオチ)の石炭液化工場、明間化学工場(樹脂、火薬)、吉州パルプ工場、清津化学繊維工場、勝利化学工場があり、建材工業では古茂山セメント工場、朱乙(しゅおつ/チュウル)、会寧の陶磁器工場、会寧クラフト紙工場がある。

 水産業では漁業が基本になっているが、漁獲物中メンタイ(スケトウダラ)が総漁獲高の70%を占め、ついでサバ、ブリの順である。農業では耐寒性の強い大麻、ホップやトウモロコシなどが主産物である。

[魚 塘]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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