Kansei Reforms

Japanese: 寛政改革 - かんせいかいかく

Reforms of the Shogunate government carried out between 1787 (Tenmei 7) and 1793 (Kansei 5) when Matsudaira Sadanobu was a senior councilor. During the previous Tanuma era, the peasants had fallen into decline and the countryside had been devastated, culminating in the Tenmei famine of 1782-1787. Sadanobu idealized Tokugawa Yoshimune of the Kyoho Reforms, wiped out the power of Tanuma Okitsugu, and adopted a frugal policy. He tried to revive the peasants by encouraging them to save for emergencies and restricting them from going abroad to work. He encouraged people who were living in Edo to return home, set up labor camps, and wiped out vagrants. He organized merchant stock associations and issued an order to bill-brokers to abandon their contributions in an attempt to provide relief to the hatamoto and gokenin, but he also banned all criticism of the Shogunate, leading to the punishment of Santo Kyoden and Hayashi Shihei. The drastic austerity policies that banned private prostitution and erotic books were compared to the era of "Muddy Tanuma," but the reforms were thwarted by the machinations of the Ooku, which sought extravagance.
→ Related topics Ushio no jinkou (Words of the lower classes) | Edo Shogunate | Okada Kansen | Ban on heterodox learning during the Kansei Era | Three Doctors of the Kansei Era | Yellow Books | Former Homecoming Farming Order | Equal-field system | Frugality Order | Antique collection | Seven-tenths savings | Company storehouse | Shirakawa Domain | Right learning | Tokugawa Ienari | Hanafuda cards | Bito Nishu | Hater of red

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

松平定信が老中在任の1787年（天明７年）から1793年（寛政５年）に行われた幕府政治の諸改革。前代の田沼時代は本百姓が没落し，農村の荒廃が続き，1782年−1787年の天明の飢饉(ききん)でその頂点に達したので，定信は享保改革の徳川吉宗を理想とし，田沼意次の勢力を一掃し倹約政策を採った。農村には備荒貯蓄の奨励，他国出稼(でかせぎ)の制限によって本百姓の復興を図った。江戸在住の出稼人には帰国を促し，人足寄場(よせば)を設け浮浪人を一掃。商人の株仲間を整備し，札差には棄捐(きえん)令を発し旗本・御家人の救済を図ったが，幕府への批判はすべて禁じ，山東京伝，林子平らが罰せられた。私娼(ししょう)，好色本を禁止する徹底した緊縮政策は〈濁りの田沼〉時代と比較されたが，華美を求める大奥の策謀などで改革は挫折した。
→関連項目宇下人言｜江戸幕府｜岡田寒泉｜寛政異学の禁｜寛政の三博士｜黄表紙｜旧里帰農令｜均田制度｜倹約令｜骨董集｜七分積金｜社倉｜白河藩｜正学｜徳川家斉｜花札｜尾藤二洲｜紅嫌い

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