Exchange Liberalization - Exchange Liberalization

Japanese: 為替自由化 - かわせじゆうか
Exchange Liberalization - Exchange Liberalization

Foreign exchange control is a system in which the central government must allocate the foreign exchange it receives to external payments, such as imports, in a planned manner based on a foreign exchange budget.
[Exchange liberalization]
Exchange liberalization is the process of gradually removing such exchange controls, and it means allowing the private sector to hold foreign exchange to a certain extent, while abolishing the foreign exchange budget for external payments, relaxing foreign exchange quota standards, and giving blanket approval to certain transactions, allowing free trading within that range. As exchange liberalization progresses, broader exchange rate policies become important in order to ensure the balance of payments and the stability of exchange rates. …

From [Free Yen]

…Under the old Foreign Exchange Control Act (Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Control Act) before its revision in December 1980, yen held by non-residents that could be freely converted into foreign currencies such as the U.S. dollar or British pound was called a free yen, and the corresponding deposit account was called a non-resident free yen account. It was established in July 1960 as part of the liberalization of foreign exchange. In contrast to this free yen account, there is a non-resident yen account called the "Article 5 yen" in which a portion of the account balance can be converted into foreign currency based on Article 5 of the old Foreign Exchange Control Order. …

*Some of the terms mentioned in relation to "exchange liberalization" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…このような意味で為替管理の最も厳しい段階では,輸出などによって居住者が受領した外国為替をすべて通貨当局に売り渡すことを義務づける〈全面外貨集中制(外貨集中制度)〉と,こうして集中した外国為替を一定の〈外国為替予算〉のもとで計画的に輸入などの対外支払に割り当てる仕組みが採用される。
[為替自由化]
 為替の自由化とは,このような為替管理を徐々に撤廃する過程のことであり,民間部門に外国為替の保有をある範囲で認める一方,対外支払に関しては外国為替予算を廃止し,外国為替の割当基準を緩和したり,特定の取引には包括的な認許可を与え,その範囲で自由な取引を認めることを意味している。為替の自由化が進展すると,国際収支の均衡や為替相場の安定を確保するためには,より広範な為替政策が重要な意味をもってくる。…

【自由円】より

…1980年12月施行の改正以前の旧外国為替管理法(外国為替及び外国貿易管理法)のもとで,非居住者が保有する円のうち,米ドルや英ポンドなどの外貨に自由な交換が認められる円を自由円,またその預金勘定を非居住者自由円勘定と呼んだ。1960年7月,為替自由化の一環として設けられた。この自由円勘定に対し,旧外国為替管理令5条に基づき,勘定残高の一部について外貨への交換が認められる〈5条円〉という非居住者円勘定がある。…

※「為替自由化」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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