A type of voice disorder in which the timbre of the voice changes pathologically and noise components are mixed in. It is also called hoarseness. Depending on how the voice sounds, it can be classified as aphonia, breathy voice, coarse voice, etc. Aphonia is the most severe form of hoarseness, in which the vocal cords do not vibrate and the exhaled air from the lungs passes through the glottis (between the vocal cords). The patient can only produce a whisper-like voice. This condition is seen when the vocal cords hardly move during speech due to hysteria, bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis, severe laryngitis, tumors, etc., and the glottis remains wide open. Breathy voice is a condition in which the glottis narrows during speech, but the closure is incomplete, allowing air to leak out and mixing in noise, and one of its characteristics is that it is difficult to produce a loud voice. It is often seen when one side of the vocal cord is paralyzed and cannot move, or when the mobility of the vocal cords is affected by laryngeal cancer. A coarse voice is what is known as a raspy voice, and differs from a breathy voice in that it can produce a relatively loud voice. The movement of the vocal cords is not affected, so the glottis tries to close when speaking, but due to mucus adhering to the vocal cords and swelling of the vocal cords, the glottis does not close completely, making the voice muddy and producing a lot of low-pitched noise components. It is seen in conditions such as vocal cord inflammation, vocal cord polyps, poet's nodules (southoly nostrils), and early stages of laryngeal cancer. There are many different causes of hoarseness, but the most common is laryngitis caused by a cold. In this case, it usually heals within a week to 10 days, but if it continues for more than two weeks, a detailed examination of the larynx is required. [Masami Kawamura] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
声の音色が病的に変化し、雑音成分が混入している音声障害の一種。嗄声(させい)ともいう。その声を聞いた感じから失声(しっせい)、気息(きそく)声、粗ぞう声などに分類される。 失声は、かれ声の程度がもっとも高度のもので、声帯は振動せず、肺からの呼気が声門(左右の声帯の間)を通るときに気流性の雑音をおこす。ささやき声に似た声しか出せない。ヒステリー、両側反回神経麻痺(まひ)、高度の喉頭(こうとう)炎や腫瘍(しゅよう)などによって、発声時に左右の声帯がほとんど動かず、声門が大きく開大したままになっている場合にみられる。 気息声は、発声時に声門が狭くはなるが、閉鎖が不完全で息が漏れるために雑音が混入するもので、大きな声が出せないのも特徴の一つである。一側の声帯が麻痺して動かないときや、喉頭癌(がん)のために声帯の可動性が冒された場合などによくみられる。 粗ぞう声は、いわゆる「がらがら声」であり、ある程度大きな声も出せる点が気息声と異なる。声帯の運動は冒されないので、発声時に声門は閉じようとするが、声帯に付着している粘液や声帯の腫(は)れのために声門が完全には閉鎖せず、声が濁って低調性の雑音成分が多くなる。声帯炎、声帯ポリープ、歌人結節(謡人結節)、喉頭癌の初期などにみられる。 かれ声の原因は多種多様であるが、頻度のもっとも高いものは、かぜによっておこる喉頭炎である。この場合、1週間から10日間くらいで治癒するのが普通で、2週間以上も続く場合には喉頭の精密検査が必要となる。 [河村正三] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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