Kareuta

Japanese: かれうた
Kareuta

…Shizuki's translation contained a critical spirit toward the shogunate, which was still trying to refuse foreign trade under the pretext of the "ancestral law" at a time when the Russian envoy Laxman had already arrived in Nemuro seeking trade. At the time the ban was issued, the "galeota" whose arrival was refused meant ships used for both military and commercial purposes, but at the time it meant Portuguese ships. In the 18th century, it came to be understood by the shogunate authorities as a general term for foreign or barbarian ships, and the prohibition on their arrival came to be considered the "ancestral law." …

*Some of the terminology that refers to "kareuta" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…志筑の訳語には,すでにロシア使節ラクスマンが通商を求めて根室に来航する時勢のもとで,なお外国との通交を〈祖法〉を盾に拒否しようとする幕府への批判的精神がこめられていた。禁令の発布当時,来航を拒絶された〈かれうたgaleota〉とは軍船にも商船にも用いられた船のことであるが,当時はポルトガル船を意味していた。それが18世紀には幕府当局者にとっても異国船もしくは蕃船一般と理解され,その来航禁止が〈祖法〉と考えられるようになったのである。…

※「かれうた」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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