Houkitake - Houkitake

Japanese: ホウキタケ - ほうきたけ
Houkitake - Houkitake

An edible mushroom of the family Acanthaceae in the order Acanthaceae. It is also called mouse mushroom. The shape of the mouse mushroom is not mushroom-shaped, but arborescent or coral-like. It has a thick white stem 3-5 cm in diameter, which gradually branches upwards, and the tip is a collection of countless twigs. When viewed from above, it looks like a cauliflower, and the tips of the branches are beautifully pale purple or pale pink. The mushroom is about 15 cm in height and diameter. The spores are oblong and striated with faint vertical lines all over. The spore pattern is ochre. It is a mycorrhizal fungus that grows above ground in autumn in broadleaf forests. The name mouse mushroom comes from the fact that the tips of the branches resemble the feet of a mouse, and it is also called by a similar name in Spain. In France, it has a name that means "chicken's foot".

[Imaseki Rokuya]

Bucconid mushrooms

Mushrooms in the Acanthaceae family vary in shape, from arborescent to rod-like (single type) with no branching. Traditionally, they were classified in the Amanitaplasty, but in recent times, they are often placed in the Amanitaplasty along with the Chanterelle family. This is because there is no consensus on the classification of mushrooms, and opinions differ among scholars. There are about 800 recorded species of Acanthaceae fungi in the world. Research in Japan is significantly behind, so there are only about 15 genera and 75 species, but this is estimated to be less than half of the total. Mushrooms in the Acanthaceae family found in Japan include the following: (1) Single type with no branching: Shirauotake, Naginatatake, Murasakinaginatatake, Shirosoumentake, Surikogitake, etc. (2) Arborescent type: Hookitake, Kogane Hookitake, Kihookitake, Hanahookitake (poisonous), Murasaki Hookitake, etc. The mushroom called Sasanaba, which grows in the bamboo grass fields from Beppu to Aso in Kyushu, is a Hookitake type fungus and is prized as a delicious edible fungus.

In addition, the fungi that are collectively referred to as the Acanthaceae family in Japan are, according to Western specialists, divided into three or more families and are considered to be phylogenetically distinct. For this reason, it is expected that the classification of the Acanthaceae family in Japan will soon undergo major changes.

[Imaseki Rokuya]

Main types of mushrooms (Basidiomycota) (2) [Specimen illustrations]
©Junzo Fujishima ">

Main types of mushrooms (Basidiomycota) (2) […


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

担子菌類、マツタケ目ホウキタケ科の食用キノコ。ネズミタケともいう。ホウキタケの形態は、いわゆるキノコ形ではなく、全体が樹枝状またはサンゴ状となる。径3~5センチメートルの太くて白い茎から、しだいに上のほうに枝を分け、先端部は無数の小枝が集合する。上から見る形はカリフラワー状で、枝先が淡紫ないし淡紅色で美しい。キノコは、高さ、径ともに15センチメートル余りである。胞子は全面にかすかに縦じわ状の筋模様を帯び、長楕円(ちょうだえん)形。胞子紋は黄土色。広葉樹林の菌根菌であり、秋、地上に発生する。ネズミタケの名は、枝の先端をネズミの足に見立てたことに由来し、スペインでも同じような名前でよばれている。フランスでは「ニワトリの足」という意味の名をもっている。

[今関六也]

ホウキタケ科のキノコ

ホウキタケ科のキノコは、樹枝状のものから枝を分けない棒状のもの(単一型)まであり、その形は変化に富む。従来はヒダナシタケ目に分類されていたが、最近では、アンズタケ科とともにマツタケ目に置かれることが多い。これは、キノコ類の分類にはまだ定説がなく、学者によって意見が異なるためともいえる。ホウキタケ型の菌は世界で800種ほどが記録されている。日本での研究は著しく遅れているため、15属75種ほどにとどまるが、これは実存のなかば以下と推定される。日本でみられるホウキタケ科のキノコには次のようなものがある。(1)枝を分けない単一型 シラウオタケ、ナギナタタケ、ムラサキナギナタタケ、シロソウメンタケ、スリコギタケなど。(2)樹枝型 ホウキタケ、コガネホウキタケ、キホウキタケ、ハナホウキタケ(毒)、ムラサキホウキタケなど。九州の別府(べっぷ)から阿蘇(あそ)にかけての笹(ささ)原に生えるササナバとよばれるキノコは、ホウキタケ型の菌で、美味な食菌として珍重されている。

 なお、日本でホウキタケ科として一括している菌は、欧米の専門学者によると三つ以上の科に分けられ、系統的にも異質のものとされる。このため、日本のホウキタケ科の分類には、やがて大きな変化がおこることも予想されている。

[今関六也]

キノコのおもな種類(担子菌類)(2)〔標本画〕
©藤島淳三">

キノコのおもな種類(担子菌類)(2)〔…


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