Carlo Alberto

Japanese: カルロ・アルベルト（英語表記）Carlo Alberto

Born: October 2, 1798, Turin
[Died] July 28, 1849. King of Oporto Sardinia (reigned 1831-49). Duke of Carignano, from a branch of the House of Savoy. Educated in Paris and Geneva during the reign of Napoleon I, he was exposed to liberal ideas. After the fall of Napoleon, he returned to Turin, and when the Piedmontese Revolution occurred in 1821 and King Vittorio Emanuele I abdicated, he became regent until the new king, Carlo Felice, arrived in Turin. During his term of office, he attempted to promulgate a constitution, but was rejected by the new king, and was expelled from the court. In 1823, he fought in the French invasion of Spain, and when Carlo Felice died in 1831, he became King of Sardinia. There were high hopes for him as a young, liberal king, but in reality he took an autocratic governing policy, disappointing the people. However, under the pressure of the revolution of 1848, he finally promulgated the Albertine Constitution in March of that year and decided to introduce a parliamentary system. In the same March, the Milan uprising triggered the Italian War of Independence against Austria, and although he was favorable at the start of the war, he was defeated at the Battle of Custoza in July, and the situation turned around. In March 1849, he raised an army again, but after being completely defeated at the Battle of Novara, he decided to abdicate and died in despair in Portugal, where he had been in exile.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1798.10.2. トリノ
[没]1849.7.28. オポルト
サルジニア王 (在位 1831～49) 。サボイア家傍系の出身。カリニャーノ公。ナポレオン (1世) 支配期にパリ，ジュネーブで教育を受け自由主義思想に触れる。ナポレオン没落後，トリノに戻り，1821年ピエモンテ革命が起って国王ビットリオ・エマヌエレ1世が退位すると，新国王カルロ・フェリーチェがトリノに到着するまで摂政となった。その在職中に憲法発布を志すが新国王に拒否され，宮廷を追われた。 23年フランスのスペイン侵略に加わって戦い，31年カルロ・フェリーチェが没するとサルジニア王に即位。自由主義的な青年国王の登場として期待されたが，実際には専制君主的な統治策をとって国民に失望を与えた。しかし 48年革命の波に押されて同年3月ようやくアルベルト憲法を発布し，議会制の導入に踏切った。同じ3月ミラノの蜂起をきっかけにオーストリアに対するイタリア独立戦争を開始して緒戦は有利に戦いを進めたが，7月のクストーザの戦いで敗れ，戦局は逆転した。 49年3月再度兵を起したが，ノバラの戦いで完敗して退位を決意，亡命地のポルトガルで失意のうちに没した。

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