A trivalent carbon intermediate with a positive charge on the carbon atom. It is also called a carbocation or a carbenium ion. It has the general formula ⊕CR 1 R 2 R 3 (where R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are generally carbon-bonded substituents). It is produced as an intermediate in various reactions, such as the hydrolysis of tertiary alkyl halides. Crystal violet is a stable carbonium ion. Carbonium ions as reaction intermediates are generally unstable. However, the t -butylcarbonium ion (CH 3 ) 3 C + has been isolated as a crystal of a salt with Sb 2 F 11 - , and the distance between the central carbon and the carbon of the methyl group is 144 picometers, which is an intermediate value between a normal single bond and a double bond, and the three methyl groups form a planar structure at an angle of 120 degrees to the central carbon.
[Tokumaru Katsumi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
炭素上に正電荷をもつ3価の炭素中間体。カルボカチオンcarbocation、カルベニウムイオンcarbenium ionともいう。一般式⊕CR1R2R3(R1、R2、R3は一般に炭素で中心と結合する置換基)で示される。ハロゲン化第三アルキルの加水分解の中間体など、いろいろの反応の中間体として生成する。クリスタルバイオレットは一種の安定なカルボニウムイオンである。反応中間体としてのカルボニウムイオンは一般に不安定である。しかし、t-ブチルカルボニウムイオン(CH3)3C+は、Sb2F11-との塩の結晶として単離され、その中心炭素とメチル基の炭素間の距離は144ピコメートルで、通常の単結合と二重結合との中間の値を示し、また中心炭素に対し、3個のメチル基は120度の角度で平面的な構造をとる。
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