A city in the Bouches-du-Rhône department in the Provence region in southern France. Population 50,513 (1999). Located on the banks of the Rhône River. It developed after a canal was built connecting it to the Mediterranean Sea in 103 BC. Around the 16th century, it lost its function as a commercial port city due to the accumulation of sediment at the mouth of the Rhône, and its prosperity was handed over to Marseille. Today, the city is thriving as a tourist destination, with Roman ruins such as an amphitheater, a stadium, and a cemetery (Alyscamps). It is also a city of art that has attracted many painters, including Van Gogh and Gauguin. It is a distribution center for agricultural products, and rice is particularly traded here. Chemical, machinery, paper, and food industries are also well developed. [Nobuyoshi Aoki] historyThe indigenous Celts had established a settlement here, but in the 2nd century BC a Roman military base was established and it was connected to the Mediterranean Sea by the so-called Marius Canal. After it was colonized by Caesar, a city wall, waterworks, theaters, and other facilities were built, and commerce and industry developed. With the establishment of the Praetorian Governorate in 395, it served as the capital of the province of Gallia at the end of the Western Roman Empire, but was subsequently ruled by the Visigoths, Ostrogoths, and Franks. From the end of the 9th century, it belonged to the Kingdom of Burgundy (Arles), and then to the Holy Roman Empire, but the actual control of the city was in the hands of the Count of Provence and the Archbishop. In the 11th and 12th centuries, agricultural product trading and long-distance commerce developed, and in the 12th and 13th centuries, self-government was exercised by the Consula (municipal council). At the end of the 13th century, it was the largest city in Provence with 2,000 households, but by the beginning of the 15th century, the population had halved. From the end of the 15th century, it became part of France along with the County of Provence, but in modern times its political and economic importance has declined. [Atsushi Egawa] A Roman arena remaining in the center of the city. It has seating for 20,000 spectators and is still used for bullfighting and other events. Part of the World Heritage Site "Arles, Roman Monuments and Romanesque Monuments" (registered in France in 1981) Arles, France ©Shogakukan "> Arles Amphitheatre Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランス南部、プロバンス地方、ブーシュ・デュ・ローヌ県の都市。人口5万0513(1999)。ローヌ川の河畔に位置する。紀元前103年に地中海との間を結ぶ運河が建設されて発展した。16世紀ごろには、ローヌ河口の土砂の堆積(たいせき)によって商港都市の機能を失い、マルセイユにその繁栄を譲った。現在、市内に円形劇場、闘技場、墓地(アリスカン)など、ローマ時代の遺跡があって、観光都市として栄えている。また、ゴッホやゴーギャンをはじめとする多くの画家を引き付けた芸術の都でもある。農産物の集散地で、とくに米の取引が行われる。化学、機械、製紙、食料品工業も発達している。 [青木伸好] 歴史先住のケルト人が集落をつくっていたが、前2世紀にローマ軍の基地が置かれ、いわゆるマリウスの運河によって地中海とつながれた。カエサルによって植民市とされたのち、城壁、水道、劇場などが整備、商工業の発達をみた。395年のガリア近衛(このえ)総督府の設置など、西ローマ帝国末期にはガリア属州の首都としての地位を占めたが、その後、西ゴート、東ゴート、フランクの支配を受けた。9世紀末からはブルゴーニュ(アルル)王国、ついで神聖ローマ帝国に帰属したが、都市の実質的支配権はプロバンス伯と大司教の手にあった。11~12世紀には農産物取引や遠隔地商業が発展し、12~13世紀にはコンシュラ(市参事会)による自治が行われた。13世紀末には2000所帯の住民を擁するプロバンス地方最大の都市であったが、その後15世紀初めまでに人口は半減。15世紀末からプロバンス伯領とともにフランス領となったが、近代に入って、その政治的、経済的重要性は低下した。 [江川 温] 市の中心部に残るローマ時代の闘技場。2万人の観客席をもち、いまもなお闘牛などの競技に用いられている。世界文化遺産「アルル、ローマ遺跡とロマネスク様式建造物群」の一部(フランス・1981年登録) フランス アルル©Shogakukan"> アルルの円形闘技場 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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