Kanzaki Manor

An imperial estate located in Kanzaki County, Hizen Province (Kanzaki Town, Kanzaki City, Saga Prefecture). The estate was established in 836 (Jowa 3) when 690 cho of vacant land (uncultivated land) became imperially ordered land. It was later passed down as Goin's land, and by the end of the Heian period it had become a base for trade between Japan and the Song Dynasty. During the establishment of the Kamakura Shogunate, it was the land of Emperor Goshirakawa, but after the Jokyu War in 1221 (Jokyu 3), it was confiscated by the Shogunate. After the Battle of Hoji in 47 (1st year of Hoji), it became the territory of Emperor Gosaga again, but since it was left almost untouched, after the Mongol invasion, it was divided and distributed to distinguished Chinzei Gokenin as a reward land. In 1292 (5th year of Shoo), "Order for the number of fields controlled for the construction of Kawakami Palace in Hizen Province" shows "3,000 cho of land in the Imperial Estate's Kanzaki Manor", which shows that it was the largest manor in Hizen Province. However, the interior was intricately intertwined with temple and shrine lands, and because it was divided and distributed to the Gokenin as a reward land, a complex relationship of rule was formed, and by the start of the turbulent period of the Northern and Southern Courts, it had almost completely lost its function as a manor.

[Seno Seiichiro]

"Seno Seiichiro (ed.), "Hizen Province Kanzaki Manor Historical Materials" (1975, Yoshikawa Kobunkan)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

肥前(ひぜん)国神崎郡（佐賀県神埼(かんざき)市神埼町）に置かれた皇室領荘園。836年（承和3）空閑地（未墾地）690町が勅旨田(ちょくしでん)となったのが荘園成立の契機であるが、その後、後院(ごいん)領として相伝され、平安末期には日宋(にっそう)貿易の拠点になっていた。鎌倉幕府成立期には後白河院(ごしらかわいん)領であったが、1221年（承久3）の承久(じょうきゅう)の乱後、幕府に没収された。47年（宝治1）の宝治(ほうじ)合戦後、ふたたび後嵯峨院(ごさがいん)領となったが、ほとんど不知行(ふちぎょう)の状態に置かれていたので、蒙古(もうこ)襲来後、恩賞地として勲功のあった鎮西御家人(ちんぜいごけにん)に分割配分された。1292年（正応5）の「肥前国河上宮造営用途支配惣田数注文(かわかみぐうぞうえいようとしはいそうでんすうちゅうもん)」には「院御領神崎庄(しょう)三千丁」とみえ、肥前国最大の荘園であったことがわかる。しかしその内部は寺社領が複雑に入り組み、そのうえ御家人に恩賞地として分割配分されたことにより、複雑な支配関係が形成されており、南北朝動乱期に入るとほとんど荘園としての機能は失われていた。

［瀬野精一郎］

『瀬野精一郎編『肥前国神崎荘史料』（1975・吉川弘文館）』

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