A doll that operates automatically. The oldest record of a karakuri doll in Japan dates back to the Heian period, when Prince Kaya no Miko created a mechanical doll to stimulate irrigation, which is included in the Konjaku Monogatarishu. In the West, clockwork dolls called automata exist and date back to the Hellenistic period before Christ. The punch card system developed by Joseph Marie Jacqurd of France in 1801 based on automata had a major impact on automatic control technology and computer programming. Tanaka Hisashige (1799-1881), known as "Karakuri Giemon," who is also credited as the creator of the karakuri doll that decorates the climax of the Takayama Festival in Gifu Prefecture, later founded the factory that became the predecessor of the current Toshiba, and it can be seen that Japanese mechanical technology originated in karakuri dolls. (Tatsuro Tsukiji, Associate Professor, Ryukoku University / 2007) Source : "Chiezo" published by Asahi Shimbun Publications Co., Ltd. About Chiezo |
自動的に動作する人形のこと。日本最古のからくり人形に関する記述は平安時代の『今昔物語集』に所収の、高陽親王(かやのみこ)の作った灌漑を促す機械人形の話にさかのぼる。欧米では、オートマタ(automata)と呼ばれる時計仕掛けの人形が存在し、紀元前のヘレニズム時代以前にまでさかのぼる。オートマタをベースに1801年フランスのジャカール(Joseph Marie Jacqurd)が開発したパンチカードシステムは、その後の自動制御技術やコンピュータープログラミングに大きな影響を与えた。岐阜県・高山祭のクライマックスを彩るからくり人形の作者としても名を連ねる「からくり儀右衛門」こと田中久重(1799〜1881)はその後、現在の東芝の前身となる製作所を設立しており、日本の機械技術がからくり人形に発することが見て取れる。
(築地達郎 龍谷大学准教授 / 2007年) 出典 (株)朝日新聞出版発行「知恵蔵」知恵蔵について 情報 |
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