Attica - Attika (English spelling)

Japanese: アッティカ - あってぃか(英語表記)Attiki
Attica - Attika (English spelling)

Attica is a prefecture located at the tip of the peninsula of the same name, which juts out to the southeast in central Greece. It faces the Petalion and Therma bays of the Aegean Sea. Its capital is Athens. Its area is 3,808 square kilometers, and its population is 3,764,348 (2001).

It is the densely populated heart of Greece, centered around the Athens metropolitan area. Although the soil is poor, it produces high-quality wine, olive oil, and honey. It is home to Mount Pentelikon, a marble producing area, and Laurion, a silver mine said to have prospered in ancient times. The coastline southwest of Athens and the hills toward Mount Hymetos are known as health resorts, and attract tourists from all over the world with their many ancient ruins, such as Kaisariani, the Byzantine churches of Daphni, Braphron, Sounion, Elefsis, and Marathon.

[Tomoko Mashita]

history

This region has been inhabited since the Neolithic period, and according to the most recent theory, Greeks invaded and settled there as early as 2000 BC. Even after the collapse of the Mycenaean civilization that they developed, Attica was not conquered by the Dorians, and continued to exist as a "native" Greek country, according to legend. It is believed that political unification was completed with Athens at the center in the 8th century BC. After that, as part of the Athenian polis (city-state), ancient democracy blossomed through various reforms by Solon and Cleisthenes, and in the 5th century BC, it became the center of the Greek world in all fields, including culture, politics, and economics. It was later ruled by Macedonia, but came under Roman control in 146 BC. It was invaded by Germanic peoples in the late ancient period, and became a Slavic settlement in the 8th century. It further declined after the Middle Ages, and after many changes, it came under Turkish control in the 15th century. After gaining independence in the early 19th century, Athens, the capital of Attica, became the capital of modern Greece in 1834.

[Hidenobu Mashita]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ギリシア中部、南東に突出した同名の半島の先端にある県。アッティカAtticaは英語名。エーゲ海のペタリオンPetalion湾、テルマTherma湾に臨む。県都アテネ。面積3808平方キロメートル、人口376万4348(2001)。

 アテネ大首都圏を中心とした人口稠密(ちゅうみつ)なギリシアの心臓部である。土地はやせているが、良質のワイン、オリーブ油、蜂蜜(はちみつ)を産する。大理石の産地ペンテリコンPentelikon山や、古代の繁栄が伝えられる銀鉱山ラウリオンLaurionをもつ。アテネ南西の海岸線やヒメトス山へ向かう丘陵地帯は保養地として知られ、ケサリアニ、ダフニのビザンティン教会、ブラフロン、スーニオン、エレフシス、マラトンなど古代の遺跡も多いため、広く海外からの観光客を集めている。

[真下とも子]

歴史

この地域は新石器時代から人が居住し、最近の有力説に従えば、紀元前2000年にはギリシア人がすでに侵入、定住した。彼らが発展させたミケーネ文明の崩壊後も、伝説によると、アッティカはドーリア人に征服されず、ギリシア人「生え抜き」の国として存続した。アテネを中心に政治的統一が完成したのは前8世紀と考えられている。その後、ポリス(都市国家)アテネの領域として、ソロン、クレイステネスらの諸改革を経て古代民主政が開花、前5世紀には、文化、政治、経済などあらゆる分野でギリシア世界の中心となった。のちマケドニアの支配などを受けたが、前146年にはローマの支配下に入った。古代末期ゲルマン人に侵入され、8世紀にはスラブ人の定住地となった。中世以後いっそう衰亡し、幾多の変遷を経て、15世紀にトルコの支配下に入った。19世紀初めの独立後、アッティカの中心アテネが現代ギリシアの首都になったのは1834年である。

[真下英信]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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