King of the Huns (reigned 434-453). After the death of his uncle, King Lua, in 434, he first ruled with his brother, then alone. He conquered the area from the Caspian Sea to the Rhine, and ruled over many peoples, but his main base was the Hungarian Plain. He often invaded the Byzantine Empire and forced them to pay tribute. In 451, he invaded Northern Gaul, but was defeated by the combined forces of the Visigoths, Franks, and Burgundians under the command of Western Roman general Aetius. The following year, he ravaged various parts of Italy, and was persuaded by Pope Leo I to withdraw. After he was murdered by his newlywed wife in 453, the great empire he had created rapidly collapsed. Attila's terror has long remained in the memories of Europeans, and has been conveyed in literary works, such as Etzel in the Nibelungenlied. [Shosuke Hirajo] "The Germanic Invasion in Literature" by P. Crussel, translated by Keitaro Naoki (1974, Tokai University Press) " "Attila and the Huns" by L. Ambiss, translated by Kazuo Anzai (Hakusuisha, Que sais-je paperback) " "The Secret of King Attila and the Huns" by H. Schreiber, translated by Seiya Kanamori (1977, Yugakusha)" Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フン人の王(在位434~453)。434年伯父ルア(ス)王の死後、最初は弟と共同で、のち単独で支配した。カスピ海からライン川に至る地域を征服、多くの民族を支配したが、中心拠点はハンガリー平原であった。しばしばビザンティン帝国を侵し、貢納を強要した。451年北ガリアに侵入、西ローマの将軍アエティウス指揮下の西ゴート、フランク、ブルグントなどの連合軍に敗れると、翌年イタリア各地を荒らし、教皇レオ1世の説得により引き揚げた。453年、新婚の妃(きさき)に殺害されたあと、彼のつくった大帝国は急速に瓦解(がかい)した。アッティラの恐怖は長くヨーロッパ人の記憶に残り、文学作品のなかにも伝えられた。たとえば『ニーベルンゲンの歌』のエッツェルがそれである。 [平城照介] 『P・クルセル著、尚樹啓太郎訳『文学にあらわれたゲルマン大侵入』(1974・東海大学出版会)』▽『L・アンビス著、安斎和雄訳『アッチラとフン族』(白水社・文庫クセジュ)』▽『H・シュライバー著、金森誠也訳『アッチラ王とフン族の秘密』(1977・佑学社)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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