Nursing

Japanese: 看護 - かんご
Nursing

In ancient times, nursing originated from human maternal love, motherly compassion, and caring for children, and has existed throughout human life. Eventually, it became synonymous with caring for the sick and injured, and the elderly. However, nowadays, nursing refers not only to treating individuals and groups, but also to providing health guidance, including assistance in recovery and advice on disease prevention and health promotion. Florence Nightingale established the foundation of modern nursing and the status of nurses as professionals, stating that nursing is a science, an art, and a professional occupation. Virginia Henderson (1897-1996) proposed a definition that has been widely accepted: "Nursing is the assistance of individuals, whether healthy or unhealthy. The nurse's job is to assist individuals in the performance of activities that contribute to their health and recovery (or the path to a peaceful death), and to do so in a way that enables them to take care of themselves as soon as possible."

Specific nursing work involves clinical nursing in hospitals and clinics, working with doctors to assist with diagnosis, treatment and procedures, caring for patients and providing guidance on recuperation, while public health nursing, part of the health service programs run by health centers and municipalities, provides health guidance including disease prevention and health promotion. To carry out these tasks, three elements are necessary: ​​a spirit of human love, specialized knowledge and general educational knowledge about nursing, and nursing techniques. To practice nursing as a profession, one needs to be qualified as a nurse, public health nurse, or midwife, and these are based on the Public Health Nurse, Midwife and Nurse Act.

[Munehiro Hirayama]

"Michiko Kaneko (ed.), "Henderson, Roy, Orem, and Peplau's Nursing Theory and the Development of the Nursing Process" (1999, Shorinsha)" "Hatsuko Jogabata, "Easy Nursing Theory: Basic Thinking that can be Used in the Field" (2000, Medica Publishing)"

[References] | Home nursing | Nurse | Nursing law | Licensed practical nurse | Midwife | Nightingale | Public health nurse | Public health nurse midwife nursing law

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

古くは人間の母性愛、母親のいたわり、思いやり、子供の世話などを起源とし、人間の生活とともに存在してきた活動であるが、やがて傷病人や老人などの世話をする看病と同義となった。しかし、現在では、個人や集団に対する傷病治療の世話ばかりでなく、健康回復への援助、病気の予防や健康増進への助言を含めた保健指導などを行うことをいう。フローレンス・ナイチンゲールは、看護は科学であり、芸術であり、専門的職業であるとして近代看護の基礎と専門職としての看護婦の地位を確立した。バージニア・ヘンダーソンVirginia Henderson(1897―1996)は、「看護とは健康、不健康を問わず各個人を援助することである。健康、健康の回復(あるいは平和な死への道)に役だつ諸活動の遂行にあたり、各個人を援助するのが看護婦の仕事であり、しかも、できるだけ早く自分で自分の始末をできるようにする方向でこの援助を行うことである」という主旨の定義を提唱し、広く受け入れられている。

 看護の具体的な仕事の内容としては、病院、診療所などにおける臨床看護として医師に協力して行う診断、治療、処置の介助、患者の世話および療養生活の指導などがあり、また、保健所、市町村等の保健サービス事業のなかでは、公衆衛生看護として病気の予防、健康増進等を含む保健指導などがあげられる。これらの実行のためには、人間愛の精神、看護に対する専門的知識と一般的教養知識、それに看護技術の3要素が必要である。看護を職業として行うためには、看護師、保健師、助産師のいずれかの資格が必要であり、これらは保健師助産師看護師法に基づいている。

[平山宗宏]

『金子道子編著『ヘンダーソン、ロイ、オレム、ペプロウの看護論と看護過程の展開』(1999・照林社)』『城ヶ端初子著『やさしい看護理論――現場で活かせるベースの考え方』(2000・メディカ出版)』

[参照項目] | 家庭看護 | 看護師 | 看護法 | 准看護師 | 助産師 | ナイチンゲール | 保健師 | 保健師助産師看護師法

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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