Dougou - Today

Japanese: 斗栱 - ときょう

Architectural term. A general term for components that concentrate the load on the upper part of the beams and girders of a building and transmit it to the columns. Also called kumimono. In principle, it is composed of three components: do, kō, and otaruki. Do is also called "masu" and there are two types: large do, which is placed on the capital (architectural wheel), and small do, which is placed on the kō. Kō is a horizontal beam placed on do and is also called a hijiki. The otaruki is a component that is supported at the tip of the kō and protrudes diagonally downward using the principle of a lever, and is called ō in Chinese. Do and kō are a method developed and invented in China, and there are many types, and the changes over time and in the shapes of the components are complex, but they show consistent development. In Korea and Japan, which were influenced by Chinese culture at certain periods, unique developments were seen, and the three-handled bracket structure, which has two rows of brackets toward the eaves and one row of rafters, was often used in Buddhist architecture.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

建築用語。建築物の梁や桁 (けた) にかかってくる上部の荷重を集中して柱に伝える役目をもつ部材の総称。組物ともいう。原則として斗，栱，尾垂木 (おたるき) の三部材で構成される。斗は「ます」ともいい，柱頭 (台輪) の上に配される大斗と，栱の上に配される小斗の2種がある。栱は斗の上に配される横木で肘木ともいう。尾垂木は栱の先端部で支持され，梃子 (てこ) の理によって斜め下に向けて突き出される部材で，中国では昂と呼ぶ。斗栱は中国で開発，工夫された手法で，その種類も豊富で時代による変遷，部材の形の変化も複雑であるが，一貫した発展を示している。中国文化の影響を受けた朝鮮，日本では，ある時期ごとにその影響を受けたために特異な発達がみられ，軒先のほうに肘木で2段，尾垂木で1段持出される三手先 (みてさき) 斗栱が仏教建築によく用いられた。

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