Born: September 12, 1852, Morley, Yorkshire [Died] 15 February 1928. Sutton Courtney, Berkshire. British politician. Graduated from Oxford University. Entered politics as a Liberal Member of Parliament in 1886. As Home Secretary in the W. Gladstone government from 1892 to 1895, he gained a reputation for his administrative skills and eloquence, becoming one of the leading figures in the Liberal Party. In 1905, he became Chancellor of the Exchequer in the H. Campbell-Banaman government, and in 1908, upon Campbell-Banaman's retirement, he became Prime Minister. During his term in office, he embarked on reform of the House of Lords after the House of Lords rejected Chancellor of the Exchequer D. Lloyd George's budget plan for expanding the navy and raising taxes to cover it, and in 1911 he enacted the Parliament Act, which took away the House of Lords' veto power over budget bills. During World War I, he organized a national unity cabinet to deal with the situation, but public criticism intensified over the stalemate on the Western Front, the failure of the Gallipoli Campaign, and the Easter Rising in Ireland, and he resigned as Prime Minister in December 1916 due to cabinet disunity. In 1925, he was elevated to the peerage and awarded the title of 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith. He is the author of Fifty Years of British Parliament (1926). Asquith |
[生]1852.9.12. ヨークシャー,モーリー [没]1928.2.15. バークシャー,サットンコーティネー イギリスの政治家。オックスフォード大学卒業。 1886年自由党の下院議員として政界入り。 1892~95年 W.グラッドストーン内閣の内相時代,行政手腕と巧みな弁舌で名声を博し,自由党の大物の1人となった。 1905年 H.キャンベル・バナマン内閣の蔵相となり,08年キャンベル・バナマンの引退により首相に就任。在職中,D.ロイド・ジョージ蔵相の海軍拡張計画とそのための増税案を含む予算案を上院が否決したことから上院改革に乗出し,11年議会法を制定して予算案に対する上院の拒否権を奪った。第1次世界大戦に際し挙国一致内閣を組織して対処したが,西部戦線の膠着やガリポリ作戦の失敗,アイルランドの復活祭蜂起などをめぐって国民の批判が強まり,閣内不統一のため 16年 12月首相を辞任。 25年貴族に列せられ 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquithの称号を授与された。著書『イギリス議会 50年』 Fifty Years of British Parliament (1926) 。 アスキス
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