An Arabic word meaning the customs and customary law of Islamic society. It is also called 'urf. The scope of 'adah is extremely broad, and it can refer to customs that existed before Islam, or to new customs established by government decree. For example, the water rights of farmers and the requisition of laborers to dig and maintain waterways were determined by ancient customs, and it was traditionally the responsibility of the village chief (shaykh) to maintain them. Even in urban haras (districts), residents were required to participate in events such as weddings, funerals, and the birthdays of saints (mawlids) as community 'adah. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
イスラム社会の慣行および慣習法を意味するアラビア語。ウルフ‘urfともいう。アーダの範囲はきわめて広く,イスラム以前からの慣習を指すこともあれば,政令によって新たに慣行化された事がらを指す場合もあった。たとえば農民の水利権や,水路を開削・整備するための力役の徴発は,古くからの慣行によって定められ,これを維持するのは伝統的に村長(シャイフ)の責任であった。都市のハーラ(街区)においても,婚礼や葬式あるいは聖者の生誕祭(マウリド)などの行事は,共同体のアーダとして住民の参加が義務づけられていた。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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