Azuchi Castle

Japanese: 安土城 - あづちじょう
Azuchi Castle

This castle was built by Oda Nobunaga as a base for unifying Japan during the Sengoku period. It is located in Shimo Toyoura, Azuchi-cho, Omihachiman City, Shiga Prefecture. The magistrate of construction was Niwa Nagahide, and construction began in 1576 (Tensho 4) and was nearly completed in 1579. However, Nobunaga moved his residence from Inabayama Castle as soon as construction began and part of the building was completed. Nobunaga moved the castle from Gifu to Azuchi, partly to deal with Uesugi Kenshin in Echigo (Niigata Prefecture), and partly to keep an eye on the Ikko Ikki in the Hokuriku region. Moreover, Azuchi was much closer to Kyoto than Gifu, and had the advantage of being able to control the water transport of Lake Biwa. From the perspective of castle history, Azuchi Castle is notable for its five-story, seven-story (six stories above ground and one below ground) castle tower. This castle tower is quite clearly described in the "Azuchiyama Gotenshu no Shidai" section of the Shincho Koki and in descriptions by Christian missionaries, with gold leaf on the interior pillars and each floor on the exterior painted a different color. It also had a study room as a guest room, a storeroom, a kitchen, and other facilities, with tatami-floored rooms and paintings by Kano Eitoku on the walls. The castle juts out into Lake Biwa, and the kuruwa (enclosures) were located on Mt. Azuchi, about 100 meters from the base to the top, with the honmaru and ninomaru at the center and the residences of the vassals each taking on the shape of a separate kuruwa. The castle was burned down in the aftermath of the Battle of Yamazaki following the Honnoji Incident in 1582 (Tensho 10), and all that remains today are the extensive stone walls built using the Anou-zumi technique, as well as the foundation stones of the main citadel and castle tower base. Sokenji Temple now stands where Tokugawa Ieyasu's residence once stood, and Nobunaga's mausoleum stands in the Ninomaru, and the entire castle ruins have been designated a special historic site. The remains of the Azuchi Seminario (theological school) can also be found below the castle.

[Tetsuo Owada]

Azuchi Castle Ruins
Nationally designated special historic site Omihachiman City, Shiga Prefecture © Biwako Visitors Bureau, Public Interest Incorporated Association ">

Azuchi Castle Ruins


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

戦国期、織田信長が天下統一のための拠点として築いた城。滋賀県近江八幡(おうみはちまん)市安土町下豊浦(あづちちょうしもといら)にある。普請奉行(ふしんぶぎょう)は丹羽長秀(にわながひで)で、1576年(天正4)に着工し、1579年にほぼ完成したが、信長は着工の直後、建物の一部ができあがるとすぐ稲葉山(いなばやま)城から居を移している。信長が岐阜から安土に城を移したのは、一つには越後(えちご)(新潟県)の上杉謙信(けんしん)対策であり、一つには北陸の一向一揆(いっこういっき)を監視するためであった。しかも、岐阜よりははるかに京都に近く、琵琶(びわ)湖の水運を掌握できるという利点もあったからである。城郭史からみて安土城が特筆されるのは、五層七重(地上6階地下1階)の天守閣が建てられたことである。この天守閣は『信長公記(しんちょうこうき)』のなかの「安土山御天主之次第」や、キリスト教宣教師たちの描写によってかなりはっきりしており、内部の柱には金箔(きんぱく)がはられ、外部は各層が違った色で塗ってあったことや、客間としての書院、納戸、台所などが備わり、座敷は畳敷きで、障壁には狩野永徳(かのうえいとく)の絵が描かれていたのである。なお、城はちょうど琵琶湖に突き出た形で、麓(ふもと)から山頂まで約100メートルほどの安土山に曲輪(くるわ)が配置され、本丸、二の丸を中心として、家臣の屋敷がそれぞれ一つの曲輪の形となっていた。城は1582年(天正10)の本能寺(ほんのうじ)の変に続く山崎の戦いの余波で焼け落ちてしまい、現在、穴太(あのう)積みの手法による広壮な石垣と、本丸、天守台部分の礎石などが残るだけである。かつて徳川家康邸のあった所は現在摠見(そうけん)寺が建てられ、二の丸には信長廟(びょう)があり、城跡全体が特別史跡に指定されている。また、城下には安土セミナリオ(神学校)跡もある。

[小和田哲男]

安土城跡
国指定特別史跡 滋賀県近江八幡市©公益社団法人びわこビジターズビューロー">

安土城跡


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