A type of agriculture in which water is systematically supplied to cultivated land in arid regions or areas where annual rainfall is not evenly distributed in order to stabilize crop growth and streamline agricultural management. It has been practiced since prehistoric times in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and other places. By 1980, it had been practiced in about 120 countries, including India, China, the Soviet Union, and the United States, and the area covered had reached more than 200 million hectares, which is over 10% of the world's total cultivated land area. More than 70% of this was in Asia, and the majority of it was paddy fields where rice was grown. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
農作物の生育を安定させ,農業経営の合理化をはかるために,乾燥地域あるいは年間の降雨の分布が均一でない地域の耕地に,組織的に水を供給して行う農業。エジプト,メソポタミアなどでは有史以前から行われている。1980年ころには,インド,中国,ソ連,アメリカをはじめ約120ヵ国で実施されており,その面積は世界全体の耕地面積の十数%にあたる2億ha以上に達している。そのうちの70%以上がアジアで,その大部分は水稲栽培の行われている水田である。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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