Horse riding license - Bajomen

Japanese: 馬上免 - ばじょうめん

Land in manors and kokugaryo that was exempt from entry by inspectors. The series of terms including "Majomen" (horseback riding), "Majo-kenden" (horseback inspection), and "Majocho" (horseback register) originate from the fact that inspectors would patrol on horseback and inspect fields. Of these, the "Majocho" (horseback register) has been around since the 10th century, but the earliest example of a horseback riding permit is found in the 1166 (1st year of the Nin'an era) document for Hida Province, which states "one and a half steps on horseback" in the Tokuei-go section of the document (the document in the right-hand category held by the Archives and Mausolea Department). The letter of grief from the chief priest of Echizen Oshio Hachiman Shrine (Hachiman Shrine documents) dated December 1333 (Genkō 3), states that Kanda of Oshio guardian deity Hachiman Shrine "cannot turn his nose up at me and grants exemption from riding on horseback." Additionally, the letter of notification from the Aki provincial government office (Tadokoro documents) from an unknown year, under the heading for Koi village, Sasai county (present-day Nishi-ku, Hiroshima city, Hiroshima prefecture), reads "seventh rank exemption from riding on horseback, five tan of exemption from Shingu, and two tan of exemption from Kinoba shrine," which shows that Butsukanda often received this privilege.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

荘園，国衙領において，検注使の立入りが免除された土地。馬上免を含め，〈馬上〉〈馬上検田〉〈馬上帳〉など一連の用語は，検注使が騎馬で巡回し，田畠（でんぱく）を検注したことに由来する。このうち馬上帳は10世紀からみえるが，馬上免は仁安元年(1166)度の飛驒国雑物進未注進状(書陵部所蔵中右記部類裏文書)の得永郷の項に〈一段半馬上免〉とあるのが早い例である。元弘3年(1333)12月日の越前大塩八幡宮神主愁状(八幡宮文書)には大塩保鎮守八幡宮神田は〈馬鼻を向けられず馬上免を致す〉とあり，また年未詳安芸国衙領注進状(田所文書)の佐西郡己斐（こい）村(現，広島県広島市西区)の項には〈馬上免七段　新宮免五反　衣波（えば）社免二反〉とみえるので，仏神田がこの特典をうけることが多かったことがわかる。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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