Home school - home school

Japanese: 家庭学校 - かていがっこう

…It is an expansion of the target of the previous reformatory (limited to children who have committed or are at risk of committing delinquent acts) and its function (previously it was only admission). The reformatory is the successor to the reformatory and juvenile reformatory, and there are 57 facilities nationwide, of which 2 are national (Musashino Gakuin, Kinugawa Gakuin), 2 are private (Hokkaido Kategakko, Yokohama Kategakko), and the rest are public (1996). In addition, Musashino Gakuin has a training institute for reformatory staff. …

From [Charity]

...In the early Meiji period, childcare facilities with strong religious backgrounds were established, such as the Catholic Okuura Jikeiin, the Protestant Okayama Orphanage, and the Buddhist Fukuden-kai Childcare Home. In 1899, during the Industrial Revolution, a private school for delinquent boys was established in Sugamo, Tokyo, by Tonooka Kosuke, who had written "Charity Issues" the previous year, a classic work on Japanese charity work. In addition to these, many charitable facilities and organizations were established in Japan as social problems arose, but these were subject to administrative regulations such as the aforementioned Central Charity Association and the provision of national subsidies and grants, and eventually transitioned into what were called private social enterprises under the Taisho democracy. ...

From [Child Welfare]

...The "Jiyutsukiyu Rules" that were established in 1874 and continued for more than half a century until 1932 included a system of providing 7 to of rice per year to extremely poor orphans under the age of 13. During the Meiji period, juvenile protection facilities and childcare facilities began to be established, and a representative childcare facility was the Okayama Orphanage (1887) established by Ishii Juji, and a private reformatory was the Home School (1899) established by Tomeoka Kosuke. Catholic-based facilities included Yokohama Jinindo (1872), Urakami Youikuin (1874), and Hakodate Seiboroku Girls' School (1878). ...

From Kosuke Tomeoka

…He graduated from Doshisha in 1988 and engaged in missionary work. In 1991, he worked on prison reform as a chaplain at the Sorachi Penal Colony in Hokkaido. After studying in the United States, he established a home school in Sugamo in 1999 and a branch school in Engaru Village, Monbetsu County, Hokkaido in 1914, and provided his own reform education for young people. He published the magazine Jindo (1905-1932) to discuss social issues, and worked on local improvement projects and the spread of Hotoku thought as a commissioned member of the Ministry of Home Affairs. …

*Some of the terminology that refers to "home school" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…従来の教護院の対象(〈不良行為をなし，または，なすおそれのある児童〉に限定)と機能(従来は〈入所〉のみ)を拡充したものである。教護院は感化院，少年教護院の後身で，全国に57施設あり，内訳は，国立2施設(武蔵野学院，きぬ川学院)，私立2施設(北海道家庭学校，横浜家庭学園)，他は公立である(1996)。なお，武蔵野学院には，教護事業職員養成所が付設されている。…

【慈善事業】より

…明治初期にはカトリック系の奥浦慈恵院，プロテスタント系の岡山孤児院，仏教系の福田（ふくでん）会育児院などの宗教的背景の強い育児施設が設立されている。産業革命の時期にあたる1899年には，前年に日本の慈善事業の古典といわれる《慈善問題》を著した留岡幸助によって，不良少年を対象とする家庭学校が東京巣鴨に設けられた。このほか日本においても社会問題の発生とともに数多くの慈善施設･団体が設立されるが，これらは前出の中央慈善協会や国庫奨励金･助成金の交付などによって行政的な規制を受けつつ，やがて大正デモクラシーのもとで民間社会事業と呼ばれるものに移行することになるのである。…

【児童福祉】より

…74年の制定以来，1932年まで半世紀以上も続いた〈恤救（じゆつきゆう）規則〉は13歳以下の極貧孤児に対し，1年につき米7斗を支給するという制度を盛り込んでいた。　明治年間，少年保護施設や育児施設が設立され始めたが，代表的な育児施設としては石井十次による岡山孤児院(1887)があり，民間感化院としては，留岡幸助による家庭学校(1899)があった。カトリックに基づく施設としては，横浜慈仁堂(1872)，浦上養育院(1874)，函館聖保禄女学校(1878)等がある。…

【留岡幸助】より

…88年同志社卒業，伝道に従事。91年北海道空知集治監教誨師（きようかいし）として監獄改良にとりくみ，アメリカ留学後，99年巣鴨に家庭学校，1914年北海道紋別郡遠軽村にその分校を設立し，独自の少年感化教育を行った。雑誌《人道》(1905‐32)を刊行して社会問題を論じ，内務省嘱託として地方改良事業，報徳思想の普及に努めた。…

※「家庭学校」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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