Merger profit - Gappei Saekikin

…Capital reserves are a part of the capital contributions of shareholders or surpluses of a nature equivalent to capital, and do not necessarily correspond to capital surpluses in accounting theory. In other words, they are the amount of the issue price of shares that is not included in capital (paid-in surplus), the amount of capital reduced by a capital reduction that exceeds the amount required for the cancellation or redemption of shares and the amount used to make up for losses (capital reduction gains), and the amount of net assets inherited from a company that disappeared due to a merger that exceeds the amount paid to the company's employees and the increased capital of the surviving company or the capital of the newly established company (merger gains) (Commercial Code Article 288-2-1). The law prevents these from being mixed up with profits and distributed to shareholders, and distinguishes them from capital to allow flexibility in the capital structure. Capital reserves are automatically accumulated when the amount specified by law is generated, and without limit. …

*Some of the terminology used to refer to "merger profits" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…資本準備金は，株主の出資の一部または資本に準ずべき性質の剰余金であり，会計理論上の資本剰余金とは必ずしも一致するものではない。すなわち，株式の発行価額中の資本に組み入れない額(払込剰余金)，資本減少により減少した資本額が株式の消却または払戻しに要した金額および欠損塡補にあてた金額を超える額(減資差益金)，合併により消滅した会社から承継した純資産額がその会社の社員に支払った金額および存続会社の増加した資本額または新設会社の資本額を超える額(合併差益金)であり(商法288条ノ2‐1項)，法はこれらが利益の中にまぎれ込んで株主に分配されてしまうのを防ぐとともに，資本とも区別して資本構成に弾力性をもたせている。資本準備金は法律の規定する額が発生すれば当然に，また無制限に積み立てられる。…

※「合併差益金」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報