Uzbek - Uzbek (English spelling)

Japanese: ウズベク語 - うずべくご(英語表記)Uzbek
Uzbek - Uzbek (English spelling)

One of the Turkic languages. Spoken by approximately 16.7 million people (1989), mainly in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Along with Uighur (Neo-Uighur), it is an eastern language branch of the Turkic language family. The dialect that forms the basis of modern Uzbek orthography is the southeastern urban dialect centered around the capital, Tashkent. Characteristic features of this dialect include the fact that the "a" in other Turkic languages ​​(dialects) corresponds to "ɔ" (e.g. taš: tɔš "stone"), and that vowel harmony is not dominant. The grammatical structure and word order are very similar to Japanese.

Men ga bir stakan suw ɔl ip keliŋ.
Bring me a glass of water.

Men Tɔšken ga pɔyez bilan bɔra man.
I am going to Tashkent by train.

The written language known as Chagatai is a common written language used throughout Central Asia, where languages ​​such as Uzbek and Uighur were once spoken. It was written in Arabic-Persian script and developed during the Timurid Dynasty in the 15th century and was used until the early 20th century. In 1929 Chagatai was replaced by a Latinized version of Uzbek, and since 1940 it has adopted the Cyrillic alphabet.

[Kazuo Takeuchi]

[References] | Turkic languages

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

トルコ系諸言語の一つ。ウズベキスタン共和国を中心に約1670万人(1989)が使用している。トルコ語族のうちウイグル語(新ウイグル語)とともに東方語派をなす。現代ウズベク語正書法の基礎となる方言は、首都タシケントを中心とした南東都市方言である。この方言の特徴は、他のトルコ諸語(方言)のaがɔで対応すること(例taš : tɔš「石」)、母音調和が支配的でないことなどである。文法構造や語順は日本語とよく似ている。

 Men ga bir stakan suw ɔl ip keliŋ.
 私 一 杯 水 もっ こい。

 Men Tɔšken ga pɔyez bilan bɔra man.
 私は タシケント 汽車 で 行く(私は)。

 チャガタイ語という名で知られている文語は、かつてウズベク語やウイグル語などの行われていた中央アジア一帯で広く使われていた共通文字言語である。それはアラビア・ペルシア文字で書かれ、15世紀のティームール朝で発達し、20世紀初めまで使われていた。1929年チャガタイ文語はラテン化によるウズベク文語にとってかわられ、40年以後はキリル字母を採用している。

[竹内和夫]

[参照項目] | トルコ系諸言語

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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