The color of water in lakes, oceans, rivers, etc. When looking down at the surface of a lake or ocean, it appears blue on a clear day and gray on a cloudy or rainy day. This is due to the reflection or scattering of light from the water, as well as the color of the sky. To measure only the light coming out of the water, which is not affected by weather, compare the color of the water in the shadow of a boat or the shadow of a mountain on the coast in a deep place where the bottom cannot be seen with the Forel water color standard solution. The scattering of light by particles that are much smaller than the wavelength, such as molecules, is called Rayleigh scattering, and is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the wavelength, so that a lot of short-wavelength blue light is scattered from the water, and the water generally appears blue. If there is a lot of suspended solids in the water, the scattering by these large particles becomes unrelated to the wavelength, so white light is also scattered and mixed with the blue light, and the water color changes from green to yellow-green. Therefore, there is a relationship between the color of the water and its transparency. In addition, the dissolved components of the lake water and the proliferation of plankton can also produce unique water colors. Lake Suwa (Nagano Prefecture) and Lake Kasumigaura (Ibaraki Prefecture) have yellow water colour due to the formation of water algae in summer. Peat bogs in Hokkaido and ponds in the marshes of Ozegahara (Gunma, Fukushima and Niigata Prefectures) have light brown colour due to the presence of dissolved organic matter such as humic acid, but Forel's standard solution is not suitable for determining the colour of these lakes, and Uhle's standard solution is used instead. The water of Goshikinuma (Fukushima Prefecture) on the Bandai Plateau is influenced by volcanic groundwater and can be emerald blue or reddish brown in colour. This is due to the presence of large amounts of calcium sulfate and iron oxide in the water, making it difficult to determine the colour using the standard solution mentioned above. [Isamu Kayane] [Reference items] | | | | | | |Bandai Asahi National Park area. Kitashiobara Village, Yama District, Fukushima Prefecture © Fukushima Prefecture Tourism and Products Association Ruri Swamp Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
湖沼や海、河川などの水の色。湖面や海面を上方から見下ろすと、晴天の日には青く、曇天や雨天の日には灰色に見える。これは水中よりの反射光または散乱光に加えて、空の色が映ったためである。天候によって支配されない水中から出てくる光だけを測定するには、底が透視できない深い所で、舟の陰や海岸の山陰の水色をフォーレル水色標準液と比較して行う。分子のように、波長に比べてはるかに小さい粒子による光の散乱は、レイリー散乱とよばれ、波長の4乗に逆比例するので、水中からは短波長の青色光が多く散乱されることとなり、水は一般に青く見える。水中に懸濁物質が多いと、これらの大きな粒子による散乱は波長に無関係になるため、白色光も散乱されて青色光と混じるので、水色は緑から黄緑へと移行する。したがって水色と透明度とは関係を有する。また湖水の溶存成分やプランクトンの繁殖によって独特な水色を呈することもある。 諏訪湖(すわこ)(長野県)や霞ヶ浦(かすみがうら)(茨城県)では、夏期に水の華が発生するので、水色は黄色を呈する。北海道の泥炭地の沼や、尾瀬ヶ原(群馬・福島・新潟県)の湿原にある池塘(ちとう)などでは、フミン酸などの有機物が溶存しているため淡褐色を呈しているが、これらの湖水の水色の決定にはフォーレルの標準液は適さず、ウーレの水色標準液が用いられる。磐梯(ばんだい)高原にある五色沼(ごしきぬま)(福島県)の水は火山性の地下水の影響を受けて、エメラルドブルーや赤褐色の水色を示すものがある。これらは硫酸カルシウムや酸化鉄が水中に多量に存在するためで、前述の水色標準液での判定は困難である。 [榧根 勇] [参照項目] | | | | | | |磐梯朝日国立公園域。福島県耶麻郡北塩原村©公益財団法人福島県観光物産交流協会"> 五色沼(るり沼) 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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