Hard-kneaded paint - Kataneri Paint

...With the Industrial Revolution in the mid-18th century, production methods were gradually mechanized and shifted to specialized manufacturers. At the time, linseed oil was the main vehicle, and manufacturers supplied "stiff paints" made by mixing pigments (mainly white lead) with oil to create a paste, which painters mixed on-site with linseed oil to suit the job. This style continued into the 20th century, but it wasn't until the mid-19th century that "premixed paints" were developed that could be applied as is without adding anything.

*Some of the terminology that refers to "hard-mix paint" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…18世紀半ばの産業革命時代に入ると，製造方法はしだいに機械化され，専門メーカーに移ってきた。当時の展色剤は亜麻仁油が主体で，メーカーは顔料(主として鉛白)を油で練ってペーストとした〈堅練りペイント〉を供給し，塗装者はそれを現場で亜麻仁油でうすめて仕事に適するよう自分で調合した。この形態は20世紀に入っても続いたが，何も加えずそのまま塗装できる〈調合ペイント〉ができたのは19世紀半ばであった。…

※「堅練りペイント」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報