Exchange speculation

Japanese: 為替投機 - かわせとうき(英語表記)exchange speculation
Exchange speculation

This refers to the buying and selling of foreign exchange with the aim of anticipating fluctuations in foreign exchange rates and taking advantage of those fluctuations to earn a profit. Speculators are those who conduct this type of trading. Foreign exchange speculation is possible through buying and selling spot foreign exchange, but as this requires capital, futures foreign exchange is often used. For example, if you predict that the dollar will rise in the near future, you can buy dollar foreign exchange futures, and then when this prediction actually comes true, you can execute this purchase reservation and sell it at the same time, making a profit without using any capital.

Currency speculation is carried out by speculators as well as by traders and other real users. For example, when the dollar is expected to rise, people tend to speed up payments for dollars and delay receipts of dollars. When the dollar is expected to fall, the opposite happens. This is called leads and lags.

This type of currency speculation increased rapidly in the 1960s as developed countries promoted the liberalization of trade and exchange and as the US balance of payments gradually deteriorated due to the effects of the Vietnam War and other factors, causing the dollar to lose credibility as a key currency. After the shift to a floating exchange rate system in the 1970s, the funds available for currency speculation increased due to eurodollars and oil money, and exchange rates often fluctuate wildly, making how to curb this a global issue.

[Tsuchiya Rokuro]

[Reference] | Leads and Rags

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

外国為替相場の変動を見越し、その変動を利用して利鞘(りざや)を稼ぐ目的で行われる為替売買をいう。この種の取引を行うのが投機筋である。為替投機は現物為替の売買によっても可能であるが、それには資金が必要となるので、多くの場合先物(さきもの)為替が利用される。たとえば、近い将来にドル相場の上昇が予想される場合、ドル為替を先物で買っておき、その後現実にこの予想が実現した際にこの買い予約を実行すると同時にそれを売れば、資金をまったく用いないで差益を得ることができる。

 為替投機は、投機筋によるほか貿易業者などの実需筋によっても行われる。たとえば、ドル相場の上昇が見込まれると、ドルの支払いを早め、ドルの受取りを遅らせようとする動きがおこる。ドル相場の下落が予想される際には逆の動きがおこる。これをリーズ・アンド・ラグズという。

 このような為替投機は、1960年代になって、先進諸国における貿易・為替の自由化が推し進められたこと、また、アメリカの国際収支がベトナム戦争の影響などのためしだいに悪化して基軸通貨としてのドルの信認が失われてきたこと、などによって急速に増えてきた。70年代の変動為替相場制移行後は、為替投機に利用できる資金はユーロ・ダラーやオイル・マネーなどによって増大し、為替相場はしばしば乱高下を繰り返しており、それをいかに抑制するかが世界的な課題となっている。

[土屋六郎]

[参照項目] | リーズ・アンド・ラグズ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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