Second flag system - Daini Sensekiseido

Japanese: 第二船籍制度 - だいにせんせきせいど

The advanced European shipping nations, which had become increasingly worried from the standpoint of national defense and economic security as they witnessed the rapid decline of their own flagged fleets, established a second flag system called offshore flag or international flag in the late 1980s with the aim of preventing the outflow of their own flagged ships overseas (flagging out) and maintaining or expanding their own registered fleet or a similar fleet that the nation could control and regulate in the event of an emergency. This system left the existing registration system as it was, but opened ship registries in islands or cities of specific territories or protectorates in parallel with it, allowing ships registered there the freedom to employ foreign crew at the wage levels of their own countries under certain conditions, promoting a large-scale mixed crewing, and providing preferential tax and social security measures to restore cost competitiveness and prevent flagging out.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

自国籍船隊が急激に減少していくのを目の前にして国防および経済安全保障などの見地から不安を強めたヨーロッパの先進海運国は，1980年代後半に入って自国籍船の海外流出(フラッギングアウト)を食い止め，いざという非常時に国が支配し規制を及ぼし得る自国登録船隊ないしはこれに準ずる船隊を維持または拡大することを目的にし，オフショア船籍あるいは国際船籍と呼ばれる第二船籍制度を創設した。これは，既存の登録制度をそのままにして，これと並存させる形で特定の自治領や保護領の島かまたは都市に船舶登録地を開設し，ここに登録される船舶に一定条件のもとに外国人船員を彼らの国の賃金水準で雇用する自由を認めて大幅な混乗の推進を図り，さらに税制や社会保障の面でも特典を与えることによってコスト競争力を取り戻させ，フラッギングアウトを食い止めようというものである。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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