Pike - pike (English spelling)

Japanese: カワカマス - かわかます(英語表記)pike
Pike - pike (English spelling)

A general term for freshwater fish of the Esocidae family of the Salmoniformes class of the Bony Fishes. It is found in temperate and subarctic zones of the Northern Hemisphere, living in slow-flowing lakes and rivers. It is not found in Japan. There is only one species of Esox , three in eastern North America, one in Siberia, and one species, Esox lucius , found around the subarctic zone. Fossils have been excavated from the Oligocene layer of the Tertiary Period of the Cenozoic Era in Europe. It is a large fish with a total length of over 1 meter, and a round, log-like body. Its snout is long and flat, resembling a duck's beak. It has a large mouth and sharp teeth. It is called "dog fish" in China because its teeth resemble dog fangs. Its English name, pike, comes from the fact that it has spike-like teeth. The dorsal and anal fins are located at the rear of the body near the tail fin. The body is covered with small round scales.

It is a fierce freshwater fish that hides in thickets of aquatic plants and floating logs to wait for prey. In addition to fish, it also preys on frogs and waterfowl, and is feared in its habitat. It spawns from March to July, and spawns every four years. Males are slightly smaller than females and mature early. Its white meat is edible. In the Americas, it is a popular target for big game fishing. The northern pike, Esox reicherti , is also called the pike mouth, and lives from Sakhalin to Lake Baikal.

[Tetsuji Nakabo]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

硬骨魚綱サケ目カワカマス科Esocidaeの淡水魚の総称、またはそのなかの1種。北半球の温帯、亜寒帯に分布し、流れの緩やかな湖沼や川にすむ。日本にはいない。エソックス属Esoxのみで、北アメリカ東部に3種、シベリアに1種、亜寒帯の周域に分布する1種エソックス・ルチウスEsox luciusが知られている。化石はヨーロッパにおいて新生代第三紀の漸新世層から出土している。全長1メートルを超える大形魚で、体は丸太ん棒状。吻(ふん)は長く伸び扁平(へんぺい)でアヒルの嘴(くちばし)に似ている。口裂が大きく歯が鋭い。歯がイヌの牙(きば)に似ていることから中国で狗魚(コウユイ)とよばれる。英名のパイクもスパイク(大釘(おおくぎ))のような歯をもつことに由来する。背びれと臀(しり)びれは体の後ろの尾びれの近くにある。体は小さな円鱗(えんりん)に覆われる。

 淡水の猛魚であり、水草の茂みや浮木などに隠れて獲物を待つ。魚のほかカエルや水鳥なども捕食し、産地では恐れられている。産卵期は3~7月で、4年で産卵する。雄は雌よりやや小さく早熟である。肉は白身で食用にされる。アメリカ大陸では大物釣りの対象として人気がある。カワカマスEsox reichertiはカモクチともよばれ、樺太(からふと)(サハリン)からバイカル湖にすむ。

[中坊徹次]

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