Erwin Rommel

Japanese: ロンメル - ろんめる(英語表記)Erwin Rommel
Erwin Rommel

German soldier. Born to a teacher. During World War I, he was awarded the Iron Cross 1st Class and the Pour le Mérite for his military achievements on the Italian front. Although he was not a member of the Nazi Party, he was an ardent supporter of Hitler and became a military instructor for the Nazi youth organization Hitler Youth. At the outbreak of World War II from 1938 to 1939, he was the commander of security at the Führer Headquarters. In May 1940, he led an armored division and broke through the Ardennes front, earning him a great reputation. In February 1941, he was sent to Libya as the commander of the African Corps, where he pursued the British army with clever tactics and was called the "Desert Fox." He was promoted to field marshal in 1942, but was unable to stop the British counterattack that began in October of the same year, and retreated from Tunisia in March 1943. After commanding a corps in northern Italy for a while, he was put in charge of the defense of the northern French coast in December of the same year. When the Allied forces landed in northern France in June 1944 (the Normandy landings), he appealed to Hitler for a ceasefire, but was not listened to, so he approached anti-Hitler groups. He was seriously injured in an air raid just before the assassination attempt on Hitler, but in October 1944 he was forced to choose between suicide or being tried for high treason, and he committed suicide, and was given a Wehrmacht funeral.

[Teruo Yoshida]

"General Rommel" by Young, translated by Seiji Shimizu (1978, Hayakawa Publishing)

[References] | World War II | Normandy landings | Hitler | Attempt to assassinate Hitler | Hitler Youth

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツの軍人。教師の子に生まれる。第一次世界大戦ではイタリア戦線で軍功をたて第一級鉄十字章およびプール・ル・メリット勲章を授与された。ナチス党員ではなかったが、ヒトラーを熱烈に支持し、ナチスの青年組織ヒトラー・ユーゲントの軍事教官となり、1938~1939年第二次世界大戦勃発(ぼっぱつ)時には総統本部警備司令官であった。1940年5月機甲師団を率いてアルデンヌ戦線を突破、盛名を馳(は)せた。1941年2月リビアに派遣されアフリカ軍団長となり、巧妙な戦術でイギリス軍を追い「砂漠の狐(きつね)」とよばれた。1942年元帥に昇進するが、同年10月に始まるイギリス軍の反攻を押さえられず、1943年3月にはチュニジアから撤退した。しばらく北イタリアで軍団を指揮したのち、同年12月北フランス海岸防衛を担当した。1944年6月連合軍が北フランスに上陸すると(ノルマンディー上陸作戦)、ヒトラーに休戦を訴えたが相手にされず、反ヒトラー・グループに接近した。ヒトラー暗殺未遂事件の直前に空襲のため重傷を負ったが、1944年10月自殺か大逆罪裁判かの選択を迫られ、自殺し、国防軍葬が行われた。

[吉田輝夫]

『ヤング著、清水政二訳『ロンメル将軍』(1978・早川書房)』

[参照項目] | 第二次世界大戦 | ノルマンディー上陸作戦 | ヒトラー | ヒトラー暗殺未遂事件 | ヒトラー・ユーゲント

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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