Keirin (English spelling)

Japanese: ケイリン(英語表記)keirin
Keirin (English spelling)
A type of track bicycle race. Keirin, a Japanese public sport, was adopted as a sport for international competitions, and is written as "keirin" internationally and "keirin" domestically. It was adopted as an official event at the World Championships in 1980 and at the Sydney Olympic Games in 2000. Six to eight riders compete in each race, covering a distance of 2000m. To prevent the front rider from being handicapped by wind pressure, a pacemaker (pacer) rides a motorized bicycle and the riders follow behind the pacer for a while. When the pacer leaves the race with 600-700m remaining, the riders race to the finish line and compete for the finishing position. A fierce battle ensues between the riders as they try to secure a good position before the final lap. The pacer starts at 30km/h and gradually increases his speed to 50km/h by at least four laps remaining on a 250m track.

Keirin
Keilin, David

Born: March 21, 1887, Moscow
[Died] February 27, 1963. Cambridge. British biochemist of Polish parents. Discoverer of cytochrome. After studying medicine at the University of Liège in Belgium, he joined the Institute of Evolutionary Biology at the University of Paris to study the life cycle of parasitic insects. He moved to Cambridge University (1915) and became an assistant, lecturer, and then professor (31), a position he held until 1952. He was a member of the Royal Society (28). He elucidated the life cycle of the horse fly, a parasitic horse fly (19-22). He found that hemoglobin was produced in the fly only at certain times during its life cycle, and in the course of his research, he discovered a respiratory pigment that is widely distributed throughout the living world and named it cytochrome (24). He also demonstrated that cytochromes can be oxidized and reduced reversibly, clarifying their role in cellular respiration.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
自転車競技のトラックレースの一つ。日本の公営競技である競輪が,スポーツとして国際大会で採用されたもので,国際的には「keirin」,国内では「ケイリン」と表記,区別される。 1980年に世界選手権で,2000年にシドニー・オリンピック競技大会で,それぞれ正式種目として採用された。1レース6~8人が出場,距離は 2000m。先頭を走る選手が風圧によるハンディキャップを受けるのを避けるため,動力つき自転車がペースメーカー (ペーサー) となり,選手はその後ろについてしばらく周回する。残り 600~700m地点でペーサーが離れたあと,一気にゴールに向かい着順を競う。最後の周回までに好位置を確保しようとする選手間で,激しい駆け引きが展開される。ペーサーはスタート時は時速 30kmで,250mのトラックでは少なくとも残り4周までに徐々に時速 50kmまでスピードを上げる。

ケイリン
Keilin, David

[生]1887.3.21. モスクワ
[没]1963.2.27. ケンブリッジ
両親がポーランド人のイギリスの生化学者。チトクロムの発見者。ベルギーのリエージュ大学で医学を学んだのち,パリ大学進化生物学研究所に入って寄生虫の生活史を研究。ケンブリッジ大学に移り (1915) ,助手,講師を経て,教授となり (31) ,1952年までその地位にあった。ロイヤル・ソサエティ会員 (28) 。ウマに寄生するウマバエの生活史を解明 (19~22) 。生活史のなかの特定の時期にのみこのハエの体内にヘモグロビンが生じることを見つけ,それを研究している途中で,生物界に広く分布する呼吸色素を発見し,チトクロムと名づけた (24) 。さらに,チトクロムが可逆的に酸化還元されることを示し,細胞呼吸における役割を明らかにした。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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