Morgenstern, Oskar

Japanese: モルゲンシュテルン（英語表記）Morgenstern， Oskar

Born: January 24, 1902, Geritz
[died]July 26, 1977. Princeton, New Jersey. German-born American economist. Started out as a theoretical economist of the Vienna School (→Austrian School), he was one of the economists who was directly and consciously influenced by logical positivism in the narrow sense during the heyday of the Vienna Circle. In 1929 he became a lecturer at the University of Vienna, and in 1935 he became a professor there. During this time he served as director of the Austrian Institute for Economic Research (1930-1938). When Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany in 1938, he fled to the United States and entered Princeton University, where he became a professor in 1941 and a professor at New York University in 1970. He is known as one of the founders of game theory together with J. Neumann, and is best known for his co-authored work The Theory of Games and Economic Behavior (44), but he also wrote many other books and papers, including On the Accuracy of Economic Observations (50).

Morgenstern
Morgenstern, Christian

Born: May 6, 1871 in Munich
[Died] March 31, 1914. Melan German poet. Both his grandfather and father were famous painters. He holds a unique place in the history of modern poetry with works such as Galgenlieder (1905), a collection of nonsense poems filled with innocent fantasy and grotesque humor. After 1909, he became sympathetic to the anthroposophy of philosopher R. Steiner and turned to a mystical and contemplative style of poetry.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1902.1.24. ゲリッツ
[没]1977.7.26. ニュージャージー，プリンストン
ドイツ生れのアメリカの経済学者。ウィーン学派 (→オーストリア学派 ) の理論経済学者として出発し，ウィーン学団の全盛期に狭義の論理実証主義の直接的・自覚的影響を受けた経済学者の一人。 1929年ウィーン大学講師，35年同教授。この間オーストリア景気調査研究所長 (1930～38) をつとめ，38年ナチス・ドイツによるオーストリア併合でアメリカに亡命してプリンストン大学に入り，41年同大学教授，70年ニューヨーク大学教授。 J.ノイマンとともにゲームの理論の確立者として知られ，共著『ゲームの理論と経済行動』 The Theory of Games and Economic Behavior (44) が最も著名であるが，『経済観測の科学』 On the Accuracy of Economic Observations (50) など著書，論文多数。

モルゲンシュテルン
Morgenstern， Christian

[生]1871.5.6. ミュンヘン
[没]1914.3.31. メラン
ドイツの詩人。祖父，父は有名な画家。無邪気な空想とグロテスクなユーモアにあふれるノンセンス詩集『絞首台の歌』 Galgenlieder (1905) などにより，近代詩史上特異な位置を占める。 1909年以後は哲学者 R.シュタイナーの人智学に共鳴し，神秘主義的思索的詩風に転じた。

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