A sauce made by mixing powdered spices to give it a flavor, or a dish that uses it. It is said to have originated in India and has spread throughout the world today. It comes from the Tamil word kari (meaning sauce or sauce). Most Indian curries are made by mixing onions, ginger, and garlic with spices such as cardamom, cinnamon, cloves, coriander, cumin, fennel seeds, fenugreek, mustard, black pepper, chili pepper, and turmeric. Curry leaves, chilies, nutmeg, mace, poppy seeds, star anise, and laurel leaves may also be added. Curry powder, a premix of these ingredients, was distributed by the British, who had colonial rule over India. It was imported to Japan after the Meiji period, and became popular as curry rice, made by frying curry powder and flour in butter, thinning it with soup, adding meat and vegetables, and seasoning it, then pouring it over hot rice. In India, a powdered seasoning made from a mixture of spices is called masala. There are also pastes made with water and vinegar. Curries in South India, where there are many vegetarians, are seasoned with a seasoning mixture called sambar podi and contain chili, making them very spicy. In contrast, garam masala, a typical seasoning in North India, is made only with raw cardamom seeds, cinnamon, cloves, and black pepper, avoiding spiciness. curry |
粉末状の香辛料を混ぜ合わせて風味をつけたソース,あるいはそれを使った料理。起源はインドとされ,今日では世界に広がった。タミル語の kari(ソース,たれの意)に由来する。インドカレーの多くは,タマネギ,ショウガ,ニンニクを混ぜたものに,カルダモン,シナモン,チョウジ(クローブ),コエンドロ(コリアンダー),クミン,ウイキョウ(フェンネル)の種,フェヌグリーク,芥子(マスタード。→カラシナ),黒コショウ(→コショウ),トウガラシ,ウコン(ターメリック)などの香辛料を加えてつくられる。カレーリーフ,チリ,ナツメグ,メース(ナツメグの仮種皮),ケシの実,ハッカクの実(スターアニス。→シキミ科),ローレル(ゲッケイジュの葉)を加えることもある。これらをあらかじめ調合したカレー粉は,インドを植民地支配していたイギリス人によって流通した。日本には明治以後輸入され,カレー粉と小麦粉をバターで炒めてスープで伸ばしたものの中に肉や野菜を加え調味し,それを熱い飯にかけるカレーライスとして広まった。 インドでは香辛料を調合した粉末状の調味料をマサラ masalaと呼ぶ。水や酢などを加えたペーストもある。菜食主義者の多い南インドのカレーは,サンバールポディ sambar podiと呼ばれる混合調味料で味つけされ,チリが含まれていて非常に辛い。対照的に,北インドの代表的な調味料であるガラムマサラ garam masalaは生のカルダモンの種,シナモン,クローブ,黒コショウのみでつくられ,辛味を避けている。 カレー
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