Kalmyk alphabet - Kalmyk letters

Japanese: カルムイク文字 - カルムイクもじ
Kalmyk alphabet - Kalmyk letters
It is also called Oirat script or Todo script. It was invented in 1648 by the Oirat lama Zayapandita (1599-1662). Since the previous Mongolian script had no distinction between o and u, ö and ü, k and g, t and d, etc., he added special symbols to make the distinction clearer. For this reason, it was called Todo script, meaning "clear (Todo)" script. Todo script was used by the Oirat people of Dzungaria and western Outer Mongolia, and by the Kalmyks, a branch of the Oirat people who migrated to the lower Volga River basin in Russia, but today it is only used by the Oirat Mongolians of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:
オイラート文字ともトド(托忒)文字ともいう。1648年オイラート族出身のラマ僧ザヤパンディタ(1599‐1662)が考案したもので,従来のモンゴル文字がoとu,öとü,kとg,tとdなどの間に字形上の区別がなかったので,これらに特別の記号を付加して区別を明瞭にした。このために“明瞭な(トド)”文字という意味でトド文字と呼ばれた。トド文字はジュンガリアおよび外モンゴリア西部のオイラート族,ロシアのボルガ川下流域に移住したオイラート族の別派(カルムイク族)の間で用いられたが,今日では新疆ウイグル自治区のオイラート系モンゴル族の間でのみ用いられている。

出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報

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