Diffusion pump - Kakusan pump (English name) diffusion pump

Japanese: 拡散ポンプ - かくさんポンプ(英語表記)diffusion pump
Diffusion pump - Kakusan pump (English name) diffusion pump
A type of jet pump used to obtain a high vacuum such as 10 -1 to 10 -6 Pa. The working fluid (usually oil) at the bottom of a cylindrical container that has been evacuated to a certain degree by the auxiliary vacuum pump is heated from the outside to evaporate and then ejected from a special nozzle. The jet of vapor sucks in gas molecules and carries them to the auxiliary vacuum side, where the jet collides with a wall cooled from the outside, liquefies, and flows down, returning to the bottom of the container. The air that has accumulated at the bottom is pushed out by the auxiliary pump. By repeating this process, a high vacuum can be obtained. An oil rotary vacuum pump or a mechanical booster is used as the auxiliary vacuum pump. In the case of an oil diffusion pump that uses oil as the working fluid, an auxiliary vacuum of 10 to 5 Pa is required. By installing a trap section cooled with liquid nitrogen or the like in the air pipe just above the diffusion pump, a high vacuum of nearly 10 -6 Pa can be obtained. There are also mercury diffusion pumps that use mercury as the working fluid (auxiliary vacuum 500 to 100 Pa, ultimate vacuum 10 -1 Pa).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
10-1~10-6 Paのような高真空を得るために用いられる一種の噴流ポンプ。補助真空ポンプによってある程度真空にされた円筒形容器の底部にある作動液 (通常は油) を外部から加熱して蒸発させて,これを特殊なノズルから噴出させ,これらの蒸気の噴流で気体分子を吸引して補助真空側に運び,噴流は外部から冷却された壁に衝突して液化して流下し,容器の底部に戻る。下部にたまった空気は補助ポンプで外部に押出す。この動作を繰返すことにより高真空が得られる。補助真空ポンプとしては油回転真空ポンプまたはメカニカルブースタが用いられる。作動液に油を用いる油拡散ポンプの場合,10~5Paの補助真空が必要である。拡散ポンプのすぐ上部の配気管に液体窒素などで冷却するトラップ部を設けてやると 10-6 Pa近くまでの高真空が得られる。作動液に水銀を用いた水銀拡散ポンプ (補助真空 500~100Pa,到達真空度 10-1 Pa) もある。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

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