A branch of chemistry that studies the properties of various nuclides from a chemical standpoint. It is also called nuclear chemistry. Here, nuclides refer to the types of atoms classified according to the state of the atomic nucleus, that is, atomic number, mass number, and energy state. Generally, chemistry studies matter assuming that it is composed of atoms of various elements, but nuclear chemistry studies matter by focusing on the fact that it is composed of nuclides. Its themes include research on the production, distribution, and abundance ratio of nuclides in nature, the production of nuclides through artificial nuclear reactions and related chemical problems, research on the chemical properties of the produced nuclides, research on the stability of nuclides, research on the separation of isotopes, etc. In this sense, it is very closely related to radiochemistry, which mainly studies radioactive nuclides chemically, but nuclear chemistry also covers a wider range of stable nuclides. [Nakahara Katsunori] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
種々の核種のもつ諸性質を化学的立場にたって研究する化学の一分野。原子核化学ともいう。ここに核種というのは、原子の種類を、原子核の状態すなわち原子番号、質量数、エネルギー状態で分類したものをいう。一般に化学では物質は各種元素の原子から構成されていると考えて研究するが、核化学では物質は核種によって構成されていることに注目して研究を進める。 天然における核種の生成、分布、存在比などについての研究をはじめとして、人工原子核反応による核種の生成とこれに関連する化学的問題の研究、生成核種の化学的性質に関する研究、核種の安定性に関する研究、同位体の分離に関する研究などがそのテーマである。このような意味で、主として放射性核種を化学的に研究する放射化学とはきわめて近い関係にあるが、核化学ではさらに広く安定核種をもその対象としている。 [中原勝儼] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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