How is a scientific theory born?

Japanese: 《科学理論はいかにして生まれるか》 - かがくりろんはいかにしてうまれるか
How is a scientific theory born?

…To “discover” something (whether a fact or a theory) is never simply to “see” it. In “Patterns of Discovery” (1958), N.R. Hanson (1924-67) proposed the “theory-ladenness” of facts and strongly asserted this point. A fact can only be “seen” when it is seen with a certain theory as a premise, and therefore, when the theoretical premise changes (Hanson modeled this on the Gestalt transformation in psychology), even if the same thing is “seen,” the “way of seeing” changes and new facts are “discovered.” …

*Here is a selection of explanations of terms that refer to "How scientific theories are born."

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…何ごとか(事実にせよ,理論にせよ)を〈見いだす〉ということは,決して,単に〈見る〉ことではない。ハンソンN.R.Hanson(1924‐67)は《科学理論はいかにして生まれるかPatterns of Discovery》(1958)において,事実の〈理論負荷性theory‐ladeness〉を提案し,この点を強力に主張した。ある理論を前提にしてものを見るとき,初めて,ある事実が〈見える〉のであり,したがって,理論的前提が変化したとき(ハンソンはそれを心理学のゲシュタルト変換に模した),同じものを〈見て〉いても,〈見え方〉が変わって新しい事実が〈発見〉される,という側面が強調されたのである。…

※「《科学理論はいかにして生まれるか》」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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