Marine sediment

Japanese: 海成層 - かいせいそう(英語表記)marine sediment
Marine sediment

Strata deposited on the ocean floor. Marine sediments are divided into shallow sea, bathyal, deep sea, and deep sea deposits depending on the depth of the ocean floor where they were deposited.

Shallow marine deposits are found on the continental shelf from the intertidal zone to a depth of about 200 meters, and consist of terrestrial materials such as gravel, sand, and mud carried by waves, tides, and ocean currents. If this terrestrial material were not supplied, the remains of organisms such as coral and calcareous algae would accumulate (in other words, the accumulation of biological remains does not progress due to the supply of terrestrial materials).

The bathyal deposits are found on the continental slope between the edge of the continental shelf and the ocean floor at depths of 200 to 2000 metres and consist of fine-grained material of terrestrial origin.

Deep-sea deposits are found at depths of more than 2,000 meters, and at the ocean floor, which has an average depth of 4,000 meters, they consist of soft mud and red clay containing the remains of planktonic organisms, known as pelagic sediments.

Deep-sea deposits are found in trenches and troughs deeper than the ocean floor and consist of terrestrial sediments carried by turbidity currents (turbidity currents).

[Akihiro Murata]

"Atlas of Marine Sediments of Japan" edited by Kazuyuki Koike and Hiroshi Machida (including 3 CD-ROMs) (2001, University of Tokyo Press)

[References] | Trench | Seafloor | Seafloor sediments | Submarine topography | Coral | Continental slope | Continental shelf|Geological layer | Intertidal zone | Trough

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

海洋底に堆積(たいせき)した地層。海成層は、堆積した海洋底の水深により、浅海、半深海、深海、超深海の各堆積物に分けられる。

 浅海堆積物は潮間帯から水深約200メートルまでの大陸棚上のものであり、波や潮流、海流によって運ばれた礫(れき)、砂、泥の陸源物質からなる。もし、この陸源物質が供給されないと、サンゴや石灰藻などの生物遺骸(いがい)が堆積していくことになる(つまり、陸源物質が供給されるから、生物遺骸の堆積が進まないでいる)。

 半深海堆積物は大陸棚外縁と大洋底の間の水深200~2000メートルの大陸斜面のもので、陸源細粒物質からなる。

 深海堆積物は2000メートル以深のもので、平均水深4000メートルの大洋底では、遠洋性堆積物とよばれる浮遊性生物遺骸が集積した軟泥や赤色粘土からなる。

 超深海堆積物は大洋底よりも深い海溝やトラフのものであり、混濁流(乱泥流)によってもたらされた陸源堆積物からなる。

[村田明広]

『小池一之・町田洋編『日本の海成層アトラス』(CD-ROM3枚含む)(2001・東京大学出版会)』

[参照項目] | 海溝 | 海底 | 海底堆積物 | 海底地形 | サンゴ | 大陸斜面 | 大陸棚 | 地層 | 潮間帯 | トラフ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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